tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-217669632023-11-16T04:34:30.595-08:00International Newsletter on Sustainable Local DevelopmentYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.comBlogger73125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-35367051490106917222013-07-05T08:45:00.001-07:002013-07-05T08:45:17.065-07:00International Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="Grillemoyenne21" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">International
Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Newsletter
#100 </span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">–</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: red; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Final issue</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">July 1<sup>st</sup> 2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Summary
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Editorial
message</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Past, present and
future…</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">by Yvon Poirier</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Ten
years of voluntary commitment to rehabilitate the value of “local” as opposed
to “global” </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">by
Martine Theveniaut</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Food Sovereignty, Solidarity Economy and Local Development </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">by<span style="color: black;"> Judith
Hitchman</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Editorial message</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">This 100<sup>th</sup> edition of our newsletter marks
the end of our publication.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">We have now been publishing this newsletter for ten
years. The first number was published in November 2003, and since then, we have
managed to send out 10 numbers a year. Apart from the beginning, all the
newsletters were in four languages: French, English, Spanish and Portuguese.
Since 2009, our friends in the Seikatsu Club in Japan have published it in
Japanese, and since October 2012 our friends of AKSI UI have published an
Indonesian version. It was essential to us to publish in different languages,
because our objective was to share the achievements of local actors from all
over the world. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">We have various different reasons for deciding to stop
publishing the newsletter. Our early readers will remember that this is a
strictly voluntary initiative, and was planned from the outset as a temporary
measure, with the idea that an organisation would take over the work. Even if
none have done so, the information that we have shared in the Newsletter are
passed on and shared in several other international networks that have relayed
the ideas and increased our readership numbers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Over the years, we have examined key questions from
all angles, and illustrated a path that is shared and practiced by many others,
that of encouraging people to take responsibility for their own development,
rather than waiting for external or institutional solutions. This is why our
respective roads have led us to take on responsibilities to carry our
convictions forward at a more global level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">And we hope that you will also understand that we no
longer feel able to devote the necessary attention to the very demanding work
that producing a quality newsletter requires. This is why we have taken the
deliberate decision to stop publishing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Finally we would like to thank our faithful
subscribers, and extend our heartfelt volunteers who have supported the
revision and translation process of our newsletter: Évéline, (Yvon’s sister),
who has translated articles into English, Michel Colin who has translated into
Portuguese since 2006, as well as Brunilda Rafael and Paula Garuz who have in
recent years been responsible for the Spanish version. Our thanks also to
Daniel Tygel in Brazil for the newsletter template that we have been using
since 2007.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Finally, we wish to pay homage to our dear friend
Francisco Botelho, who passed away in 2008. It was he who persuaded us in 2003
to start this newsletter to maintain the dynamics of pooling knowledge. It has
been every bit as much his work as ours. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Judith</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Yvon</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Martine</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Theveniaut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Past, present and
future<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Yvon Poirier</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Some history of how this Newsletter was born<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The origins of our project are founded in the
organisations in which we were involved. We first met towards the end of the
1990s, as we were all involved in close international networks. In 1998, I was
a member of the organising committee of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Global
Meeting for Community Economic Development</i> that took place in Sherbrooke in
Canada. The 800 participants included a 15-member delegation from the
Délos-Constellation association, led by the Portuguese. They announced their
intention to host the next meeting in Portugal in 2002. Martine was a founding
member of this association. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">This project provided us with the opportunity to meet
up in 2001 and 2002 in Europe and in Quebec, and to get to know Francisco
Botelho, one of the organisers of the planned meeting in Portugal. For various
reasons, essentially the change of government in Portugal that marked the
beginning of the return of the right in Europe, as internal difficulties in the
Portuguese organising committee, the planned project was cancelled at the end
of 2002. In April 2002, I was also a member of the provisional committee
established after Sherbrooke to set up an international network of sustainable
local development. For reasons beyond our control, this project also came to
nothing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">In spite of the inability of our respective
organisations to move forward on these projects, essentially due to financial
constraints, we built a solid basis of friendship based on a shared vision of
bottom-up development grounded in empowered communities. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">In October 2003, we took advantage of the opportunity
provided by a meeting on social territorial innovation that was being held in
Poitiers, in France, to hold a Délos-Constellation meeting. The evaluation of
the failure to hold the planned meeting in Portugal led to the decision to
dissolve the association. Francisco Botelho heavily insisted on the need for
some continuity. This was what led to Martine, Francisco and I to launching the
International Newsletter for local development, adding the idea that development
needed to be sustainable. We worked very closely as a team, based on our shared
vision to ensure that our ideal of local to global was a living reality. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Martine, Franscisco and I were the members of the
editorial committee from November 2003 until March 2008. Following Francisco’s
death, Judith, with whom we had maintained close ties all those years, joined
the editorial committee. </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Normal1" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">History has shown that the idea of political
organisation of global meetings by practitioners was a determining factor.
Canadian organisations, especially those based in Quebec, organised a meeting
called “The Local in Action” in Montreal in 1988, followed by the Sherbrooke
meeting in 1998. The latter provided the opportunity to connect with actors of
the new social economy (or solidarity economy) who had held their first meeting
in Peru in 1997.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So it was quite natural
for Quebec to host the 2<sup>nd</sup> Global Meeting of Solidarity Economy in
2001. The relay was passed on: first Dakar in the South in 2005, followed by
Luxemburg in the North in 2009, and soon to Manila in the South later this
year. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Normal1" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">It is a great source of satisfaction to observe
that the territorial approach to social and solidarity economy has been carried
forward in our newsletter by a team that has testified to these two citizens’
movements from the first issue to this number 100.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Personal
evaluation</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Writing this final article fills me with a sense of a
mission accomplished. Even more, these last ten years as head of the editorial
committee have enriched my life experiences, possibly more than they have to
the majority of readers. It has been a fantastic learning journey. And looking
at what is happening in so many places, I feel optimistic about the future.
People everywhere are demonstrating that it is possible to live differently;
they may still be a minority, but if humankind is to survive, they will need to
become the majority. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Perspectives for
the future</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">My observations of the last ten years have confirmed
what I already knew, which is the importance of the approach of local to
global. It is to this that I intend to continue devoting myself through
involvement in the organisations, networks and coalitions that organise such
change. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The networking of social and solidarity economy has
progressed considerably since 2003. We have added our work to this movement,
through our respective organisations. Our contribution is in line with our
newsletter, based on the logic of territorial anchoring of SSE (Social
Solidarity Economy). We were in Dakar in 2005, at Lux’09, and we shall be in
Manila next October.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Another more personal reason explains why I wish to
stop publishing the newsletter. Putting a publication like this together is
very demanding (to meet publication deadlines, to ensure that translations get
done on time, layout, mailing, even when I am travelling internationally). Obviously,
it would be possible to share other wonderful stories/experience of local
development, because they exist in their thousands. But I feel we need to go
beyond reporting as we have done, because this perforce remains a little
superficial. I therefore feel the need for more time to analyse this
experience, and to share my reflections and lessons learnt, as well as to
consolidate my ideas on the subject. I have already started writing the
analysis of what I have seen and learnt. But due to a lack of time, I have had
to put it on the back burner for the last year. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Ten
years of voluntary commitment to rehabilitating the value of “local” as opposed
to “global” </span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Martine Theveniaut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Sociologist <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Coordinator of the P’actes Européens</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FR"><a href="http://pacteseuropeens.fr/tiki_b/tiki-index.php"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><span style="color: blue;">http://pacteseuropeens.fr/tiki_b/tiki-index.php</span></span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">This newsletter aimed to
demonstrate through examples that people are ingenious and have the ability to
organise themselves on a daily basis wherever they live. Each issue of the
newsletter presented initiatives, forms of organisation, tools and
participatory methods and the results they have achieved. This on-line
newsletter, published in four languages has helped to document lasting
“learning stories”, and their general impact in terms of providing
alternatives, through this modest but significant readership. The newsletter
has had a new category of readers in different cultures around the world. There
are innumerable examples, and they are increasingly well connected…. Another
twenty years would not suffice to list them all, and so much the better…! At
this point in time, we feel we have achieved our objective. Sustainable local
development as well as solidarity economy have become more visible and have
contributed through real-life examples to making territory considered as the
geographical basis for organising local solidarity, as well as connecting with
more distant places to carry shared struggles forward and change the system. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nor
have we hidden the way in which the globalisation of the economy has
dispossessed inhabitants and appropriated their resources: those that lie
underground, their heritage, their land, their lives, etc. with an increasingly
greedy desire to accumulate profits. The dominant media testify in wonder to
the “global” achievements that are technological in nature, but remain silent
on the price paid for this untenable development model, so lacking in
solidarity. How can we break this framework?</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Local and Global
can no longer be considered as separate. But it is where people live and in
terms of their genuine contexts that solutions become viable. And this is not
just a local issue. It is the basic question of access to the fundamental human
right to live in health, security and peace. This is something that concerns
each and every one of us. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">The end of this
newsletter is not the end: it is a transformation</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">At this stage in our lives, – well into our sixties –
we need to take stock of the fact that our actions still have too little
influence for the transitions to measure up to the challenges. This analysis is
why I have decided to use my experience to help transmit it to the new
generations that carry the hope for the world. Many young people are committing
to very uncertain paths because they are hopeful. To invent their solutions,
they are looking for references. This is where I feel socially and personally
useful in the coming years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">How can learning from one
another help each of us move forward? Or to jointly carry forward proposals?
Bearing witness again and again on the basis of practice, because in the
current impasse, they are the main potential of available alternative
resources. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">Yet, by just changing the
way we perceive practice a little:</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Grillemoyenne1-Accent21CxSpFirst" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">To highlight how they
succeeded in lasting, renewing, strengthening or changing and transposing to
other contexts… Much information exists on innovative practice, but little on
how to get a handle on the future when institutions block progress.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Grillemoyenne1-Accent21CxSpLast" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">With an additional
question: how can the answers that have already been identified and/or are
emerging make sense, become more numerous so as to push back the dominant
positions and help the globalisation of solidarity through new regulations and
concrete collective proposal become operational?</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Establish SSE as an alternative
development model”</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">is the central theme for
the 5<sup>th</sup> Meeting for the Promotion of Social Solidarity Economy. </span><span lang="FR"><a href="http://www.ripess.org/manila2013-en/?lang=en"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.ripess.org/manila2013-en/?lang=en</span></span></a></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">Theme 3 will concentrate on the way in which
existing initiatives of SSE organise their economic activities and their
inclusion in networks and value chains. In this theme, territoriality and sustainable
development are the key elements that should be present in all discussion is a
crosscutting manner”.</span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">RIPESS Europe has mandated the European P’acts to
moderate the preparation of theme number 3. An international internet forum is
now open to update the audit and analysis that was carried out in the
preparation of the RIPESS in Europe “Lux’09” on the “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">democratic participation and territorial grounding of solidarity
economy</b>”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">We shall use the consensus that was reached at LUX’09
to invite people to contribute.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">The definition of “territory in the global context” is
the outcome of an international internet forum (July-September 2009) and was
presented by Yvon in Tokyo during the 2<sup>nd</sup> Asian Solidarity Economy
Forum (ASEF).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">This forum in three languages will operate with RIPESS
NA and Yvon Poirier will participate; it will be accessible in Spanish thanks
to the participation of Françoise Wautiez (who moderates the International SSE
site: </span><span lang="FR"><a href="http://www.socioeco.org/"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><span style="color: blue;">www.socioeco.org</span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> )</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Definition of
territory in the global context</span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">International discussion forum between social solidarity economy actors
in 2009<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">What do we mean by
territory?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The term has
different meanings in different cultures and languages. For us a territory is a
system of geographically based actions that organise social, cultural, and
economic relationships where:</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">• </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">People live and
share a common heritage, a life experience and fortunes within a given physical
area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Irrespective of whether they are
native locally, have “adopted” the territory, are migrants, visitors...)</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">• </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Organisations
exist in their multiple forms and functions (businesses, communities, networks,
mutual aid and support structures, sectors of production, etc..)</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">• </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Individuals and
organisations co-exist within a given bio-geographic environment</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">• </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">All these
components exist on a larger (macro) or smaller (micro) scale</span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">These territorial
relationships (whose "local" bases may vary depending on the nature
of the interpersonal relationship in question) are necessarily open to the
world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interdependencies have multiplied
at global level. In solving concrete problems such as housing, food,
development, infrastructure, services, employment, the sensible use of natural
resources, the allocation of available resources, etc. we need to take the
following into account:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The constraints
and opportunities of globalised production and distribution of goods and
services<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The inability of
current international governance to manage the natural and cultural resources
(common planetary resources, shared values) fairly and effectively,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as well as any appropriate kind of flow that
is adapted to different situations (ecosystems, overcrowded cities, fragile or
vulnerable areas, etc.)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Tramemoyenne1-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The need for new
structures and forms of organisation (institutional, economic, social but also
transversal, financial, fiscal, technical, etc...) These solutions need to be
created by good territorial governance<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="Appelnotedebasdep6"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="Appelnotedebasdep6"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><span style="color: blue;">[1]</span></span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.</span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">What are the key points that solidarity economy
coupled with sustainable local development can put forward as proposals to:</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Grillemoyenne1-Accent21CxSpFirst" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">Improve the daily lives
of people and communities?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Grillemoyenne1-Accent21CxSpLast" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">-</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">With a view to
establishing an alternative model underpinned by shared values, towards
strategies and pathways to transition and change of direction</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">We would like to
invite our readers to join us in this internet forum that may help a new
editorial team to emerge?? Or maybe continue our journey on other paths? <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Food Sovereignty, Solidarity Economy and Local Development</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Judith Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The Food
Sovereignty movement is twenty years old. Founded by the Via Campesina
(viacampesina.org), who now represent over 200 million producers, small-scale
family farmers, landless peoples’ movements and urban poor, 180 organisations
in over 80 countries. It is also supported by allies, such as Urgenci
(urgenci.net), Friends of the Earth (foei.org), the ETC group (</span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">etcgroup.org)</span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">, TNI (tni.org)
and many others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">What is the
connection between food sovereignty and sustainable local development? How has
this dimension evolved over time? Where is it going now?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">A number of
parallel processes have occurred in the last couple of decades; they have not
necessarily been fully documented as yet in terms of their interconnections. On
one hand, the increased stranglehold by multinational companies of our production
systems has become more extreme in the neo-liberal phase of capitalism. In the
case of food, which is a fundamental human right, this has involved global
land-grabbing, patents on living organisms and seeds, combined with increased
GMO technologies applied to plants and livestock, use of pesticides and other
chemical inputs and total control of human food chains as well as water
supplies. Hardly what readers of this newsletter understand as sustainable
local development! It is something that the Food Sovereignty movement is very
actively fighting on the ground, sometimes at the cost of human lives, because
what the transnational seed merchants, agro-chemical and agribusiness
corporations are trying to foist on our society would literally be the death of
us, and the planet as we know it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The
counter-movement to this destructive practice is the combination of Food
Sovereignty and solidarity economy, which together provide most of the answers.
Almost all of the various articles I have had the pleasure to write for this
Newsletter have tried to shed some insight into how this is happening in the
various parts of the world, by describing the wonderful projects I have been
fortunate enough to visit and in which I have been involved. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Those of us who
have the privilege of working on these issues are aware that all the solutions
to feeding the world’s growing population do exist; that achieving the human
right to food implies following the road of sustainable local development in
the real sense of the term, not just mere lip-service or green-washing by CSR
(Corporate Social Responsibility), or pseudo-green governmental policies. There
are so many solutions that could be scaled up: small-scale organic farming,
Community Land Trusts, Community Supported Agriculture and other emerging
direct distribution systems like WI (Without Intermediaries) in Greece, genuine
farmer’s markets, community gardens, allotments, edible landscapes, transition
towns…and the list goes on. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Much progress is
being made at UN Institutional level by the Civil Society Mechanism
(http://www.csm4cfs.org/) to drive Voluntary Guidelines on Land Tenure,
Governance of Forestry and Fisheries as well responsible agricultural
investment through the reformed Committee for World Food Security of which it is
part. The Food for Cities programme of the FAO, where Urgenci is also active is
also helping define global food policies for 2014-2020. FAO consultations in
2012 with civil society for Europe and Central Asia in Azerbaijan involved a
keen examination of how solidarity economy can be part of building sustainable
local development that includes food security and food sovereignty. More
recently, the ILO and UNRISD have expressed their interest in solidarity
economy, including Food sovereignty as potential ways of overcoming the global
crises. We have tried to inform our readers of some of these aspects in various
issues.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">What remains to be
done if we are to combat and mitigate climate change and to build a more
sustainable local and indeed global form of development is to now join the
dotted lines between these and the other key elements of sustainable local
development: complementary currencies to demonetarise local trade; community
banks; renewable energies; community driven services and sustainable forms of property
ownership, and last but not least, more direct democracy and participatory
budgeting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The articles
published in this Newsletter over the last ten years have illustrated most of
these themes. What remains to be done is to carry this movement forward through
our networks, and document the progress made. Being part of this Newsletter has
helped me to mature in terms of my personal development and learning journey.
It has been a privilege and a pleasure to be part of this team, to share and to
make a small contribution. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">About the Newsletter</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">This Newsletter
is published in French, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia and in
Japanese. It has been produced on a voluntary basis since the first issue in
2003. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">The Editorial
team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation
and revision: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Michel Colin (Brazil)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Évéline Poirier (Canada)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Brunilda Rafael
(France)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">We also wish to
thank the Civil Policy Research Institute (CPRI) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for
the Japanese translation and AKSI UI for the translation to Bahasa Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Our Newsletters
are available on the WEB:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">http://local-development.blogspot.com/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">To contact us
(for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.ca</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FR"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><span style="color: blue;">[1]</span></span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light";">Pactes
Locaux, pr</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light";">e</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light";">sent</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light";">ed in</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light";"> Tokyo, Asian Alliance for
Solidarity Economy, </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light";">N</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light";">ovemb</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light";">er</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Abadi MT Condensed Light";"> 2009.</span><span lang="X-NONE"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-26701263202990860932013-06-09T10:57:00.002-07:002013-06-09T10:57:44.533-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">International Newsletter on
Sustainable Local Development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Newsletter #99</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">June </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">1<sup>st</sup></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> 2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Editorial message</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Solidarity economy strengthens peasant agriculture and food sovereignty:
</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">a workshop at the WSF 2013, jointly organised by the
Via Campesina and URGENCI with the support of RIPESS</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">First meeting of the
Francophone Social and Solidarity Economy Network of the Americas (Haiti)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Message from the editorial team<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">During the WSF 2013, both Judith and Yvon
were in Tunis and jointly spoke in a workshop dedicated to food sovereignty.
This is a resume of the workshop. It was written by Morgane Iserte of Urgenci. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Yvon also represented the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Canadian Community Economic Development
Network (CCEDNET) </i>at a meeting that took place in Haiti. It was aimed at
discussing how to network Social and Solidarity Economy in the Americas. As an
American minority group, initiatives of this kind are often powerful tools for
improving day-to-day living conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Judith</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Yvon</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Martine</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Theveniaut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Solidarity
economy strengthens peasant agriculture and food sovereignty </span></strong><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Workshop at the WSF 2013. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">C</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">o-organised by the Via Campesina and URGENCI, with the support of
RIPESS.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsZK3PE0ySM-S7k7-ccwF3751I1WLzTilAGgD2iTzGUK46atrE09CU6pYSSjDroelUjp32Xxp2RPOfG2j8cAqukLaTO2jvIPVhgiX1yPQwxb1Qmf9U7xF4gIly9riC9ziKb76R/s1600/mmm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsZK3PE0ySM-S7k7-ccwF3751I1WLzTilAGgD2iTzGUK46atrE09CU6pYSSjDroelUjp32Xxp2RPOfG2j8cAqukLaTO2jvIPVhgiX1yPQwxb1Qmf9U7xF4gIly9riC9ziKb76R/s320/mmm.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600"
o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f"
stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:405pt;height:222pt;visibility:visible'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Yvon\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Speakers: Yvon Poirier</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">, RIPESS North America and Canadian Community Economic
Development Network) CCEDNET),</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Quebec; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Josie Riffaud</b>, Via Campesina, Confédération Paysanne, France; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Judith Hitchman</b>, URGENCI,
France-Ireland; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">N’Diakaté Fall</b>, Via
Campesina, Conseil National de Concertation et de coopération des Ruraux
(CNCR), Senegal; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jean-Michel Dupont</b>,
MIRAMAP, France.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">JR</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">: The Via Campesina is active among other things in
establishing new ways to provide food. But in France, small-scale peasant
agriculture only represents 4% of the active population; they therefore need
support to lobby and help implement food sovereignty now!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">There are two ways of defining food sovereignty: 1) it
is an international right, fighting against the WTO’s policies, and aimed at
protecting local peasant agriculture against unfair competition of big
agribusiness and factory farming. 2) It is also a vision of local agriculture
that is part of local solidarity networks, and that supports exchange with the
Earth and all living things. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">JH</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">: URGENCI </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">is an international network of local
solidarity partnerships between producers and consumers that brings together
Community Supported Agriculture initiatives everywhere in the world, with
conscious consumers supporting local producer to jointly share the risks and
benefits of peasant agriculture and support farming through fair prices for
their produce; the money is paid up-front to producers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">URGENCI’s activities are at the crossroads between
food sovereignty and solidarity economy. The network builds alliances with the
world of peasant agriculture and the organisations that promote other parts of
the local solidarity jigsaw (complementary currencies, energy, Community Land
Trusts…).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">NF</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Conseil National </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">de Concertation
et de Coopération des Ruraux (CNCR) brings together various Senegalese
organisations that work for the protection of small-scale family farming in a
country where 70% of the population are still small-scale farmers. Farming is
the single biggest employer! Since 2000, CNCR has been running consultations to
support the development of short food circuits and encourage both producers and
consumers to eliminate the middlemen who are the main hurdle to determining
fair prices. Since the 2008 food crisis, this process has accelerated. An
example of this is bread, with a round table discussion that was organised with
bakers and peasant farmers who mill the millet flour themselves as well as
consumers. They jointly determined the price that they all found satisfactory.
People living in cities are finding it increasingly difficult to source local
products. Almost everything is imported, as these imported foods are
subsidised, and therefore cheaper, so distribution networks for local produce
is a major issue. This is being met be introducing many local neighbourhood
shops, that are run by womens’ groups. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">J-MD</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: MIRAMAP is the inter-regional movement of
Associations to Maintain Peasant Agriculture in France. It includes 8000
families and 2000 producers. AMAPS were first created in 2001, and have three
objectives: rebuild social relationships between rural and urban dwellers;
producers and consumers; promote sustainable small-scale family farming,
popular education (for example, to determine the price of the box, producers
and consumers in a CSA openly discuss the farmer’s needs, what would constitute
a fair price, the investments that the farmer needs to make etc.). Solidarity,
transparency, proximity and the respect for nature are the core values of each
CSA. AMAPs have had to cope with two problems as the model has spread: that of
access to land (they work with Terre de Liens), and that of how young farmers
can establish themselves (cope with the costs, training etc.). There is an
incubator for agricultural activities in the Paris region called Les Champs du
Possible (Fields of Possibilities). (</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.amap-idf.org/champs-possibles-couveuse-activites-agricoles_28.php"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.amap-idf.org/champs-possibles-couveuse-activites-agricoles_28.php</span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">). Recurrent
issues are certification, availability for all and solidarity baskets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">YP</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> Yvon spoke about a Japanese consumers
cooperative that was established in 1965 by some pioneers whose objective was
to improve the quality of life, following the Minamata scandal. The objective
was to provide fresh, uncontaminated food. This cooperative, called the
Seikatsu Club, now includes some 350,000 members, who invest between 1-2000 USD
each.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The full
presentation is available at: </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.socioeco.org/bdf/fr/corpus_document/fiche-document-1664.html"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.socioeco.org/bdf/fr/corpus_document/fiche-document-1664.html</span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">It is based on a vision of overall social and
political change. Out of the 21 consumer cooperatives in Japan, only 3 are
involved in direct buying and selling. The Seikatsu Club continues to encourage
short distribution circuits in Japan. Seikatsu Club buys directly all from
partner producers. The challenges are important in Japan. For example, 200,000
tons of the 240 000 tons of organic produce that are consumed are imported
products.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1oTqBNY1USE/UbTBipKYGgI/AAAAAAAAA-k/z-G1Y4myLSg/s1600/FSM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="221" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1oTqBNY1USE/UbTBipKYGgI/AAAAAAAAA-k/z-G1Y4myLSg/s320/FSM.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:415.5pt;
height:287.25pt;visibility:visible'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Yvon\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">During the discussion
phase of the work-shop, various themes were brought up:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The ethics of sharing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Traditional user’s rights<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Farm seeds and the fight against GMOs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">How to avoid deviation from or recuperation of SSE
initiatives? (The example of the Biocoop was mentioned. </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA;">C.f.
the excellent article in French<i> La bio. Entre business et projet de société,</i>
by Philippe Baqué (dir.) </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Collection Contre-feux, Agone, 2012)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The development of canteens using short circuits (in
Brazil 30% of all food served in school canteens must be sourced from SSE)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">How to ensure small mixed farms are viable<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">But the underlying
question of the 500,000 unemployed of Tunisia was the key issue in the
discussion: what is their future, if not through social and solidarity economy?
It could be said that it already exists, as traditional economy is based on
local relationships and products. In Tunisia, 75% of farms are family market
gardens of less than 2 hectares. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">What mechanisms are
concrete forms of organisation such as cooperatives etc. can help it to develop
most effectively? And help establish productive activities that will provide
employment for young people? The role of local authorities in building SSE in a
way that meets each territory’s need is crucial to meet the needs expressed by
local inhabitants and to relocalise jobs and ensure local food sovereignty. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:279pt;
height:270pt;visibility:visible'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Yvon\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br /></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5qC2YFQJUyz5G8J0kG04xJrxAyPCCMslf75HT-Mjdp403IaxgiEdkTuOgE-qS9bK4Z5Zi9Kxatwi91DiW-cZLAQJhaHXwcodI5yKa2qc8By7hj0PiYQrH499uFR9FMk69JOGr/s1600/hgggf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5qC2YFQJUyz5G8J0kG04xJrxAyPCCMslf75HT-Mjdp403IaxgiEdkTuOgE-qS9bK4Z5Zi9Kxatwi91DiW-cZLAQJhaHXwcodI5yKa2qc8By7hj0PiYQrH499uFR9FMk69JOGr/s320/hgggf.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1oTqBNY1USE/UbTBipKYGgI/AAAAAAAAA-g/whmbwlko0nY/s1600/FSM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">First meeting of the
Francophone Social and Solidarity Economy Network of the Americas (Haiti)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Centre de la francophonie des Amériques</i>
organized a meeting in Cap Haitien, from April 30 to May 2. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">The
objective of this meeting was to promote the discovery of approaches and
practices of social and solidarity economy (SSE). For the Centre<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, solidarity and social economy draws its
strength from the heart of collective sustainable development practice and
contributes to building a more just and equitable world.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">French
is the 4<sup>th</sup> most widely spoken language in the Americas, coming
respectively after Spanish, English and Portuguese. As a minority group in the
Americas, it turns out that the SSE could be an indispensable tool in many
communities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">In
addition to representatives from Quebec and Canada, there were participants
from Louisiana, Guadeloupe and Haiti.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IAC3tJivwXE/UbTBPeZMXGI/AAAAAAAAA-M/V4YEV0c6eF8/s1600/event_660_photo_136757039812618.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IAC3tJivwXE/UbTBPeZMXGI/AAAAAAAAA-M/V4YEV0c6eF8/s320/event_660_photo_136757039812618.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:444.75pt;height:297pt'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Yvon\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.jpg"
o:title="event_660_photo_136757039812618"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Photo
by Wesley Benjamin, May 2, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">The
idea of setting up a network for the exchange of information on SSE in the
Francophone areas of the Americas is seen by participants as very relevant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">We,
from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chantier de l’économie sociale</i>
and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Canadian Community Economic
Development Network (CCEDNET)</i>, both members of RIPESS North America, were
partners of the Centre in holding the meeting.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Éric Lefebvre<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Chantier de l’économie
sociale<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Éthel
Côté and Yvon Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Canadian
Community Economic Development Network (CCEDNET)</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">About the Newsletter</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">This Newsletter
is published in French, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia and in
Japanese. It has been produced on a voluntary basis since the first issue in
2003. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">The Editorial
team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation
and revision: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Michel Colin (Brazil)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Évéline Poirier (Canada)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Brunilda Rafael (France)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">We also wish to
thank the Civil Policy Research Institute (CPRI) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for
the Japanese translation and AKSI UI for the translation to Bahasa Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Our Newsletters
are available on the WEB:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">http://local-development.blogspot.com/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">To contact us
(for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Yvon Poirier
ypoirier@videotron.ca</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-84164288556147898642013-05-10T13:22:00.000-07:002013-05-10T13:22:01.166-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">International Newsletter on
Sustainable Local Development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Newsletter #98</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">May </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">1<sup>st</sup></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> 2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="Body1" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">WSF 2013, Declaration of the Assembly
of Convergence for Social and Solidarity Economy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="Body1" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="Body1" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Social and Solidarity Economy at the
WSF 2013 in Tunisia.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Editorial message</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Message from the editorial team</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">All three of us
participated to varying degress in the WSF that took place in Tunis from March
26<sup>th</sup> – 31<sup>st</sup>. Yvon represented the Canadian Community
Economic Devlopment Netword (CCEDNET), as well as the RIPESS North America
(Intercontinental Network for the Promotion of Social and Solidarity Economy).
Judith was there to represent Urgneci, and RIPESS Europe (of which Urgenci is a
member). Judith had also particpated in thee preparatory meetings of the WSF as
member of the Babels coordination team (Babels is the the network of volunteer
interpreters who have been invovled in the WSF for many years). Finally, the
European P’actes that Martine coordinates, were represented by the President,
France Joubert. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">The fact that the WSF
took place in Tunisia was of great interest, because the country is going
thrugh a democratic revolution that began on January 14<sup>th</sup> 2011, as
well as echoing the many developments in the Arab world. The fact that both
Tunisians and people from the other Maghreb-Mashrek region as well as
Sub-Saharan Africa participated in great numbers was highly significant, as was
the massive presence of youth, who can to express their hopes for a better
future and decent work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Rather than write any new
articles, we are publishing you two documents that were written and shared by
RIPESS, following the WSF. They mention some of the contributions to the
general programme made by the members involved in the RIPESS.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Judith</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Yvon</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Martine</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Theveniaut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Body1" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">WSF 2013, Declaration of the Assembly
of Convergence for Social and Solidarity Economy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe"
filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Image_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:51pt;height:84pt;visibility:visible'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Yvon\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.emz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[endif]--></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The participants in the Assembly of Convergence</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">
Another World already exists here and now </span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">declare that social solidarity economy in its
various forms throughout the world represents the alternative to the global
capitalist system. It is an economy conceived by citizens for citizens; the
objective is to democratically ensure a decent life and food sovereignty for
all people, and to preserve the natural resources that are currently being
destroyed and wasted. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Social solidarity economy emancipates all
people, but especially women who are the key actors. It allows them to gain
control over their lives by eradicating poverty and re-establishing the right
to a dignified life for all. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Here and now citizens around the world are
organising to structure possibilities and networks for exchanging tools, ideas
and goods in short circuits and alliances between producers and consumers as
well as supporting solidarity between all peoples of the world. This wealth is
not merely material, it is based on that of relationships built between people,
a key value to protecting the future of humankind. The assembly calls for all
people to organise collectively and bring pressure to bear on public
authorities from local to international level, to shifting their economic
policy to a people- rather than capital-centred economy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Specifically this should aim to:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Jointly work with
civil society and SSE organisations to build policies that enable SSE to
develop from local to national level<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Guarantee decent
income for all people as well as universal access to basic services such as
healthcare and education<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea;">Encourage participatory, cooperative teaching methods from an early age
and throughout the learning process as well as in production processes in order
to promote solidarity and cooperation in all activities</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Develop the
activities of social and solidarity economy through procurement practice and
use of services that include transparent criteria, good governance and the
ecological criteria of SSE.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Encourage young
people in solidarity entrepreneurship and useful economic activities,
particularly in the sector of essential goods and services (organic
agriculture, renewable energies, equitable sharing of water, forestry and other
natural resources). SSE provides an efficient means of fighting unemployment in
countries such as Tunisia and of creating jobs for young graduates <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Establish a legal
framework, particularly at international level that will support solidarity
finance, citizens’ investment cooperatives, and local solidarity currencies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Provide active
support for research and development, international and national exchange of
good practice and advocacy in the United Nations’ agencies as well as all other
international institutions to meet the urgent</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"> transition to an economy that respects both
humankind and the planet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Assembly calls upon all civil society
actors to network their actions at global level in order to enable people all
over the world to assert their rights, and to replace the current system that
is based on individual selfishness, over-consumption of resources, competition,
male hegemony and war, by a peaceful, fraternal sober economy of cooperation
and peace between all humankind. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Social solidarity economy at the 2013 WSF
in Tunisia.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Press release<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The 12th edition of the World Social Forum
(WSF), held in Tunis from March 26 to 30, presents itself as a true
consecration of struggles by social movements and civil society in Tunisia, who
identify themselves as the main actors of the Arab Spring, and a broad
representation of global social movements in support of the Tunisian people.
Tens of thousands of people attended the opening march on the 26<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup>,
after morning meeting of women in a crowded auditorium. Subsequently, a series
of workshops and conferences, 1200 in total, were in the program. The WSF ended
on March 30 with a march in support of the Palestinian people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The social solidarity economy had a good
place in the programming. The initiative presented in the printed program is
the case of a cooperative, the cooperative NOMAD 08. This coop brings together
a group of eight young unemployed graduates from Redeyef City in southern
Tunisia that is specialized in manufacturing electronics interpretation, which
served in the WSF. While Tunisia has tens of thousands of unemployed youth, the
NOMAD cooperative appears as a great example and explains the choice of the
organizers of presenting in the forefront NOMAD to participants to implement the
historic Forum motto: another world is possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">RIPESS, including RIPESS Europe, RIPESS
North America and the African Network of Social Solidarity Economy (RAESS)
organized seven workshops, attended by nearly 300 people. Several regional
organizations joined our efforts to facilitate the workshops and discussed the
role of SSE in Africa, food sovereignty, the informal economy, and economic
democracy as an alternative to capitalism and neoliberal globalization. We
heard many testimonies of participants from sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa or
South America, by organizations that develop activities with women, youth,
fighting against land grabbing or unemployment. We also insisted that the SSE
is not an economy of repair but the construction of a new worldview and
applicable alternatives to neoliberal economic devastation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The RIPESS member organizations at the WSF
were able to converge their efforts and work together to promote the SSE as an
alternative, and in collaboration with Tunisian organizations interested in the
SSE.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">In our workshops, and outside, we found
strong support for the idea that the SSE can be a suitable approach for the
Tunisian people, and especially young people, to organize in different regions
of the country, in order to develop activities for a better life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">We wish to testify to the warm welcome from
the Tunisians. We also want to share our feeling that the SSE is already alive
and well in Tunisia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Josette Combes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mouvement d’économie solidaire (MES) France<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Member RIPESS Europe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Maude Brossard<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Chantier de l’économie sociale du Québec<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Member RIPESS
North America<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Yvon Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Canadian
Community Economic Development Network (CCEDNET)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Member RIPESS
North America<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Body1" style="margin: 0cm 1pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 183.0pt 315.75pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-hansi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">Noureddine EL HARRAK<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Body1" style="margin: 0cm 1pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 183.0pt 315.75pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-hansi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">Morocco SSE network (REMESS)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Body1" style="margin: 0cm 1pt 0pt 0cm; tab-stops: 183.0pt 315.75pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-hansi-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">Member of Africa SSE network (RAESS)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">April 2013</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">About the Newsletter</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">This Newsletter
is published in French, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia and in
Japanese. It has been produced on a voluntary basis since the first issue in
2003. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">The Editorial
team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation
and revision: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Michel Colin (Brazil)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Évéline Poirier (Canada)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Brunilda Rafael (France)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">We also wish to
thank the Civil Policy Research Institute (CPRI) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for
the Japanese translation and AKSI UI for the translation to Bahasa Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Our Newsletters
are available on the WEB:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">http://local-development.blogspot.com/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">To contact us
(for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Yvon Poirier
ypoirier@videotron.ca</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-11037702324450380422013-04-01T12:47:00.001-07:002013-04-01T12:47:56.990-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">International Newsletter on
Sustainable Local Development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Newsletter #97</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">April </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">1<sup>st</sup></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> 2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Summary</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Cooperatives and
Inuit communities in Canada<span style="color: black; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">5<sup>th</sup> Meeting for the Globalisation of
Solidarity</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Editorial message</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The link between indigenous peoples and
the cooperative approach is most striking. Group spirit and the Commons are
something all these communities share. In addition, the fundamental spirit of
cooperatives, that of collective enterprise and collectiveness is perfectly
suited to indigenous communities’ mentality. In this issue, we illustrate,
albeit in simplified form, the way in which cooperatives have provided the
natural model that correspond to the values of the Inuit populations of Canada.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">As most of our readers are aware, we are
involved in various ways with the Intercontinental Network for the Promotion of
Social and Solidarity Economy (RIPESS). All three of us actively participated
in the 3<sup>rd</sup> third meeting for the Globalisation of Solidarity in
Dakar in 2005, as well as the 4<sup>th</sup> that took place in Luxemburg in
2009. The programme for the next meeting, scheduled to be held in the
Philippines next October, is now on-line. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Judith</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Yvon</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Martine</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Theveniaut</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Cooperatives and
Inuit Communities in Canada</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">By Yvon Poirier</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The Canadian
Arctic is a vast polar territory that stretches from the Atlantic right across
to Alaska; it is the home of the Inuit. The Inuit are a “people” who have lived
a nomadic existence for many thousands of years, living essentially from their
fishing and hunting activities. Their community differs from other indigenous
peoples of the Americas. They arrived later, and are related to the Inuit of
Greenland, the Lapps of Finland and the native people of Siberia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Since the 1950s,
the development of health and educational services provided by the Canadian
government, the development of trade and the military presence during the Cold
War all accentuated and accelerated change within these communities. This has
led to the creation of villages, built so that people could live closer to
services. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The need was born
to create </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">businesses</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> to trade Inuit art, particularly the internationally renowned stone
sculptures. These spontaneously were built as cooperatives as “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the principles of cooperative structure were
well adapted to our culture of sharing</i>”. In another document, we can read
that “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The main aim of all cooperatives
was to unite the community and to act as the spokesperson for their interests</i>”.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Two important
federations of cooperatives currently exist: the Arctic Cooperative is present
in the North and West of Canada, and the Fédération des Coopératives du Nouveau
Québec (Nunavik) in 14 Inuit villages in the northern part of the province of Quebec.
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">The Fédération des coopératives du Nouveau–Québec
(FCNQ)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">This Federation was founded in 1967, and includes
the cooperatives of 14 Inuit villages with a total population of 13,000. The
cooperative movement is the main non-governmental employer in the region, with
approximately 350 mainly Inuit employees.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">This cooperative movement is far more than just
commercial outlets. To illustrate, here is an overview of their activities
(excerpt from the website):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Textebrut3" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Operating retail
stores with a wide selection of merchandise at competitive prices, often paying
back savings in cash and shares to members at the end of the year.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Textebrut3" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Banking, post
offices, cable TV and Internet services.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Textebrut3" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Management
training, staff development and auditing service.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Textebrut3" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Marketing Inuit
art across Canada and around the world.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Textebrut3" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Operating hotels,
a travel agency, and hunting and fishing camps.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Textebrut3" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Bulk storage and
distribution of crucial oil & fuel supplies.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="Textebrut3" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 14pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Construction
projects in Nunavik for housing, schools, etc</span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 14pt 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The annual revenue of the Coop for 2012 was $230 million.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Artic Cooperatives Limited</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">The 31
cooperatives in the Canadian North operate similarly to those in Quebec.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The Arctic Co-Operatives Ltd was founded in 1972
(under a different name), and is the result of a merger between regional
groups. It also extended its services to meet the needs of the population of
local villages, including food, cable TV and Internet services. The annual revenue
for 2012 was $196 million. Similarly to Nunavik, it is the main private
employer with 800 employees. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uXHgSQacp3E/UVnkWQCP2FI/AAAAAAAAA6I/O0gYls4g29I/s1600/iiii.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uXHgSQacp3E/UVnkWQCP2FI/AAAAAAAAA6I/O0gYls4g29I/s320/iiii.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Launch of the
International Year of Cooperatives in June 2012<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 14pt 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Conclusion</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 14pt 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">We can see through this article that these cooperatives are genuine
community tools, and that there is a close link with the ancestral community
spirit of the people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 14pt 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">There are however huge challenges. It is in these regions of the Far
North that the impacts of climate change are the most visible. The melting of
the polar icecap that covers lakes and rivers is faster every spring. This is
leading to huge change in the hunting and fishing patterns that are still the
subsistence activities of these people. The infrastructure, including
buildings, will be affected, as the permafrost area recedes. For example, the
landing strips for planes will no longer be usable. Polar bear populations are
increasingly threatened.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 14pt 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Not to mention global “modernity” with TV, Internet, social media etc.
How is it possible to preserve a traditional culture as well as the Inuit
language? This is a genuine challenge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 14pt 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Other major challenges are facing these communities. For example, the
mining industry is important. Yet for the last decade, the communities as well
as territorial governments have been consulted in environmental impact studies,
in negotiations on royalties and job-creation for the local Inuit population.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 14pt 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">It is also important to state that the community spirit that is also
expressed through the cooperative movement, has progressively led them to
achieve a high level of governmental autonomy, more so than other indigenous
peoples of the Americas. In the West, these autonomous governments have their
own parliaments, Prime Ministers, etc. Their status is almost equivalent to
that of the Canadian provinces. The fact that they are the majority in this
region facilitated acquiring this status. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 14pt 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">A similar process is underway in Quebec.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Plans are going well for of implementing an autonomous government.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is even more complex as their territory is
itself within that of Quebec; and even though it covers a vast area, there is
no road infrastructure etc. It is interesting to note that the meeting to constitute
the Federation of Cooperatives of Nouveau-Québec was the first time that the 14
communities met together. They state that working as a Federation led them to
the idea of autonomous governance. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 14pt 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">We sincerely hope that the community
spirit as well as the collective tools such as cooperatives will enable them to
resist and build a better world that respects the ecosystems of which they have
a greater than average awareness than most inhabitants of our planet. </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="FR"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuits"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="color: blue;">http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuits</span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="FR"><a href="http://www.fcnq.ca/webconcepteur/web/fcnq/"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.fcnq.ca/webconcepteur/web/fcnq/</span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="FR"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/FcnqIlagiisaq"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.facebook.com/FcnqIlagiisaq</span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">http://www.arcticco-op.com/</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">5<sup>th</sup> Meeting for the Globalisation of
Solidarity</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">The 5<sup>th</sup> RIPESS Meeting for the Globalisation of Solidarity
will be held in Manila in the Philippines from October 14<sup>th</sup> – 18<sup>th</sup>
2013. The theme will be “SEE as an alternative development model”</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;">The programme is online in English, French and Spanish at: </span><span lang="FR"><a href="http://www.ripess.org/programme-manila-2013/"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.ripess.org/programme-manila-2013/</span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">About the Newsletter</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">This Newsletter
is published in French, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia and in
Japanese. It has been produced on a voluntary basis since the first issue in
2003. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">The Editorial
team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation
and revision: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Michel Colin (Brazil)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Évéline Poirier (Canada)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Brunilda Rafael (France)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">We also wish to
thank the Civil Policy Research Institute (CPRI) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for
the Japanese translation and AKSI UI for the translation to Bahasa Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Our Newsletters
are available on the WEB:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">http://local-development.blogspot.com/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">To contact us
(for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Yvon Poirier
ypoirier@videotron.ca</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-45379055722568856012013-03-01T07:37:00.001-08:002013-03-01T07:37:22.607-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">International Newsletter on
Sustainable Local Development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Newsletter #96</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">1<sup>st</sup></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">
March </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Summary<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">V<sup>th</sup> URGENCI
Symposium: Monterey California, USA, January 2013</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Towards solidarity
micro-finance?</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Message</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">from
the editorial team</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">This number gives us the
opportunity to report on recent developments in two themes on which we have
reported in past issues of our Newsletter. They both testify to the growing
maturity of civil society movements, and their ability to provide genuine
alternatives in terms of local development in both developed and developing
countries. <span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Judith has been
involved in the URGENCI network now for several years. As we can see, their
recent Symposium took place in California last January. It illustrates the
important progress made in recent years and projects for the future. The fact
that the next one is scheduled to take place in China in 2015 illustrates the
considerable progress of Community-Supported Agriculture on the various
continents. Previous articles on this subject can be found in #47 (2008) and
#64 (2010).<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Yvon has gained a deeper insight into
microfinance. He accompanied Mrs Fatoumata Barry of the <i>Mutuelle d’épargne
et de crédit dans le secteur de la pêche artisanale en Guinée (MÉCREPAG) </i>–
a savings and microcredit Mutual Society in the artisanal fishing sector in
Guinea – in the course of her study tour last November in Canada. As a member
of the du <i>Fonds d’emprunt Québec, </i>he has been following this project
aimed at creating a Mutual Fund for microfinance very closely. This is a first
for Canada. Both Mutual funds aim to introduce an approach to microfinance that
we hope will lead to genuine solidarity practice such as that mentioned in our
Newsletter #93 last November for ASSEFA in India. </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Judith</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Yvon</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Martine</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">Theveniaut</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">V<sup>th</sup> URGENCI Symposium: Monterey California,
USA, January 2013</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">By
Jocelyn Parot</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">URGENCI, the
international network of Community-Supported Agriculture, reached a new stage
of maturity at the Vth biannual Symposium that was held in Monterey in
California, 20<sup>th</sup>-23rd January 2013. The first three symposia took
place in Europe - Aubagne, France (2004 and 2008), and Portugal (2005). URGENCI
then successfully organized the first international CSA conference outside
Europe in Japan in 2010.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Japan is
generally considered to be the cradle of contract-based partnerships between
consumers and producers. Three years later the next URGENCI conference took
place in the USA, another stronghold of the movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">URGENCI’s
Contribution to the American CSA movement</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">The American
CSA movement is currently experiencing a new wave, following the initial surge
of the mid-80s. Whether there are 6,000 CSA programs nation-wide as Steve
McFadden estimates<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="color: blue;">[1]</span></span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>,
or if more than 12,500 farms operating a CSA-type marketing model, as USDA estimations
stated in 2010 is irrelevant. What is most important is as Steve McFadden<sup>(1)</sup>
states, the American CSA is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“at a
decisive point. Is it going to become just another “business model” based
primarily on monetary transactions for food? Or will CSA fulfill its ideal
potential to become a model for healthy cells of social well-being,
environmental health, and economic justice?”. <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Are the
large-scale box schemes endangering the original CSA concept? Who is in a
position to defend the CSA principles? What is the role of the local networks
in guaranteeing the ethics of new CSA models? Is multi-farm CSA simply a new
type of food co-op? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">These questions
were at the heart of the discussions during the farm bus tour on the 22<sup>nd</sup>
and the Conference itself on the 23<sup>rd</sup>. The presence of participants
from other American and 6 different continents was certainly beneficial to all
participants, since these issues keep coming to the fore wherever CSA practice
is firmly rooted. Some well-established movements have already gained precious
experience in dealing with these delicate issues. The local participants -
mostly organic family farmers - enjoyed learning through peer-to-peer exchange.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">The CSA
Conference had a direct outcome: a US nationwide CSA coalition has been established,
and a strong basis for a Californian CSA network has also been built. This was
achieved thanks to the involvement of an organization that shares much common
ground with URGENCI, including the profile of consumer-producer alliance: CAFF
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Community Alliance with Family Farmers)</i>.
The CSA Conference participants thus made history at both local and national
level. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">A major
outcome: the new articulation in regional groups</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Prior to the
conference, 25 representatives of CSA movements from all over the world made
history by spending two days drafting a regional action plan for the next 2
years. For the first time ever, URGENCI members now have a concrete action plan
to implement on five different continents, with regional groups in charge!</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe"
filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:470.25pt;
height:352.5pt' filled="t">
<v:fill color2="black"/>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Yvon\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-673nX0tH2OI/UTDLIHVJ8OI/AAAAAAAAA1o/NqfHfQ9sYd8/s1600/550276_10151409170791187_2129391597_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-673nX0tH2OI/UTDLIHVJ8OI/AAAAAAAAA1o/NqfHfQ9sYd8/s320/550276_10151409170791187_2129391597_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Shinji Hashimoto
(Japan) and Joy Daniel (India), two of Urgenci's Asian International Committee
members during the farm visits.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">The new
International Committee of 8 now includes a member for Latin America, as well
as 3 special Ambassadors with specific briefs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Elizabeth
Henderson, author of the famous CSA manual that has inspired a whole generation
of both farmers and consumers around the world, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sharing the Harvest</i>, generously accepted to become URGENCI’s
Honorary President. She is a retired farmer and lifetime activist. This is a
fair acknowledgement to her huge past contribution to URGENCI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">The next
URGENCI Symposium is scheduled to take place in 2015 in China. </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">FR-EN-PT-ES</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FR"><a href="http://www.urgenci.net/"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">www.urgenci.net</span></span></a></span><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">http://blog.urgenci.net/</span></i><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Towards solidarity microfinance?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">By Yvon Poirier</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Microcredit has become a very widespread
phenomenon on all continents in recent years, particularly since Mohamad Yunus
was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2008. According to those who promote
microcredit, it is a tool that enables the poor – particularly women – to
overcome poverty. Yet there has been increasing evidence that not only is it
not a solution, but it frequently allows investors to grow rich at the expense
of the poor, whose indebtedness increases. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Milford Bateman presented the theory he puts
forward in his book published in 2010<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="color: blue;">[2]</span></span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>,
<b><i>« Why doesn’t microfinance work? »</i></b>, during a conference
he gave in Canada. The secondary title of the book is: <i>The Destructive Rise
of Local Neoliberalism</i>. It explains how in many if not the majority of
cases microfinance is a poverty trap. Scandals in India, with Mafia-type loan
sharks (that have even led to suicide), are very harmful. He also indicates
that it is less and less viewed as a development tool, and that the big institutions,
such as the World Bank no longer promote it. Although the book raises much
controversy, it does put its finger on the problems we have already raised in
this Newsletter. <span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;">The dominant model has been mainly based on
proposing microcredit from outside institutions, as a result of the support
gained from the Nobel Prize. Others have made the choice of establishing
people-led institutions. Thus when the legal framework is that of a mutual or a
cooperative where the clients are members – and therefore associated with the
governance – they provide a response that is genuinely adapted to the needs of
local populations. Here is a brief overview of two such initiatives. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;">The <b><i>Mutuelle d’épargne et de crédit dans
le secteur de la pêche artisanale en Guinée (MÉCREPAG</i></b><i>), </i>a
savings’ and credit mutual in the artisinal fishing sector in Guinea was
founded in 2006. It is the result of an association built with the national
union of artisinal fishers in Guinea. In just a few years, MÉCRÉPAG has built
up five local branches. In 2012 they had 10,000 individual members, 65% of whom
are women. The loans that are granted allow fishers to buy outboard motors for
their boats, and the women to smoke fish as well as to buy and sell fish at the
market. Training on management of local cooperatives, healthcare
loan-management are available to members. Both local branches as well as the
mutual itself are governed by members who have been elected by the members’
assembly. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oA9Tb4sMIWs/UTDK0gUJ8YI/AAAAAAAAA1k/VnjpnWPoLS0/s1600/DSC_9657.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="197" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oA9Tb4sMIWs/UTDK0gUJ8YI/AAAAAAAAA1k/VnjpnWPoLS0/s320/DSC_9657.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;">During a visit in Canada in November 2012.
Yvon Poirier, Gérald Arsenault and Robert Gallant from Acadian Fishermen’s
Co-Op, MsFatoumata Barry from MÉCREPAG</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;">In Canada, microcredit has been present in
most regions for the last twenty years. Until recently the microcredit
association were incorporated on the basis of not-for-profit organisations.
After 15, this model was considered to have shown its limits, so the <i>Fonds
d’emprunt Québec</i>, situated in the city of Quebec, decided to evolve, and
switch to a savings and loan mutual, in order to propose loans to the
disadvantaged as well as to promote savings and micro-insurance. Thus the <i>Fonds
d’emprunt Québec</i>, a relatively small organisation, has developed a draft
law that was adopted by the Quebec national assembly in December 2012. The new<b><i>
Mutuelle de microfinance (Québec) </i></b>is the first of its kind in Canada.
Clients of this new organisation are members, and can therefore elect their
representatives to the Board and vote in General Assemblies. This was not
previously the case. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Although the socio-economic contexts are very
different, both these examples illustrate how it is possible to create
institutions by and for the people involved, and that they can also participate
in their governance. This provides an alternative to microcredit, that in most
countries is proposed by outside organisations that are not an integral part of
the community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In French</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FR"><a href="http://web.fonds-emprunt.qc.ca/"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">http://web.fonds-emprunt.qc.ca/</span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;">WEBINAR EN-FR</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="FR"><a href="http://ccednet-rcdec.ca/en/node/11543"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://ccednet-rcdec.ca/en/node/11543</span></a></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><br /><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
</span></span><span lang="FR"><a href="http://ccednet-rcdec.ca/fr/node/11500"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://ccednet-rcdec.ca/fr/node/11500</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">About the Newsletter</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">This Newsletter
is published in French, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia and in
Japanese. It has been produced on a totally voluntary basis since the first
issue in 2003. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">The Editorial
team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation
and revision: </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Michel Colin (Brazil)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Évéline Poirier (Canada)</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Brunilda Rafael
(France)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">We also wish to
thank the Civil Policy Research Institute (CPRI) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for
the Japanese translation and AKSI UI for the translation to Bahasa Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Our Newsletters
are available on the WEB:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">http://local-development.blogspot.com/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">To contact us
(for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA;">Yvon Poirier
ypoirier@videotron.ca</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FR"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><span style="color: blue;">[1]</span></span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="X-NONE" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span></span><span lang="X-NONE"><a href="http://thecalloftheland.wordpress.com/2012/01/09/unraveling-the-csa-number-conundrum/"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="color: blue;">http://thecalloftheland.wordpress.com/2012/01/09/unraveling-the-csa-number-conundrum/</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><span style="color: blue;">[2]</span></span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="X-NONE" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><span lang="X-NONE"><a href="http://www.zedbooks.co.uk/paperback/why-doesnt-microfinance-work">http://www.zedbooks.co.uk/paperback/why-doesnt-microfinance-work</a></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="X-NONE"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span> </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oA9Tb4sMIWs/UTDK0gUJ8YI/AAAAAAAAA1g/Egs2g2pcK7s/s1600/DSC_9657.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> </div>
</div>
Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-33637285877698637392013-02-04T09:30:00.002-08:002013-02-04T09:30:23.730-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">International Newsletter on
Sustainable Local Development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Newsletter #95<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">1<sup>st</sup> February
2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Summary</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Eradicating Poverty in Indonesia: A convention to introduce a
University-pivoted synergistic approac</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">h<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Katosi Women’s Development Trust in Uganda: When women take a hand in
their own development</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Message</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">from
the editorial team</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">In
this, our first Newsletter of 2013, we would like to thank all our readers,
some of whom have been faithfully reading this publication since we first began
in November 2003.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">We
are very happy to inform you that the Newsletter is now published in six
languages. Thanks to a meeting that took place last October in Indonesia, the
AKSI UI foundation has offered to translate it into Bahasa Indonesia. This new
version is in addition to the Japanese one that has been published since 2010
by the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Syakai Undo</i> (Social Movement),
published by the Civil Policy Research Institute (CPRI) of the Seikatsu Club,
who publish to a readership of 1,200/ AKSI UI send the newsletters out to about
2,000 readers in Indonesia. We send our Newsletter to about 325 people, some of
whom redistribute it within their organisation, such as the ALOE list that has
125 subscribers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">This
means that our Newsletter is sent to several thousand readers. Our thanks to
all the people and organisations who provide this voluntary support for our
publication. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">This
issue continues with articles on our main theme, that of local
initiatives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both Judith’s article and
that written by our Indonesian friends concern the struggle against poverty and
building sustainable local development in their respective environments. </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Judith</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Yvon</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Martine</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Theveniaut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Eradicating Poverty in Indonesia: A convention to introduce a
University-pivoted synergistic approach</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">By Alina Darmadi</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Yayasan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Aksi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Sinergi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Untuk Indonesia (AKSI UI Foundation) is an organization that dedicates
its work to fighting poverty, growing society’s independence and increasing
living condition in a sustainable manner. The organization was founded as the
follow-up to a seminar themed "Indonesia Without Poverty”</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">held by
the Faculty of Economy, University of Indonesia,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">or what people refer to
as the education cradle of the most prominent national figures. The seminar was
conducted </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in 2011 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to commemorate the faculty’s 60<sup>th</sup> anniversary, thus the
foundation was initiated and supported by some of the prominent national
figures rooted in the faculty, as well as</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">other leading individuals in people’s
empowerment and social entrepreneurship</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">such as Prof. Dr. Subroto, and</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Drs.
Bambang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Ismawan of Bina</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Swadaya, the Social Entrepreneurship Father of Indonesia.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-On7hNIuzXMY/UQ_wFKiz0uI/AAAAAAAAAzY/BZKzBkY3i6M/s1600/D-BONNE0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-On7hNIuzXMY/UQ_wFKiz0uI/AAAAAAAAAzY/BZKzBkY3i6M/s320/D-BONNE0.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:469.5pt;
height:313.5pt' filled="t">
<v:fill color2="black"/>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Yvon\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Keynote
speaker’s lineup on opening night.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Dr.
Dorojatun Kuntjoro Djakti, a former Coordinating minister of economy and former
Indonesan ambassador to the United States of America,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nur Mahmudi Isma'il, the mayor of Depok city
where the convention was held, Prof. Dr. Subroto, AKSI UI founder, Prof.
Firmanzah Ph.D, Aksi UI founder and Special Staff to the President on Economics
and Development, Drs. Bambang Ismawan MA, Aksi UI founder and Social
Entrepreneurship father in Indonesia, and HS Dillon, Special Envoy of President
of Republic Indonesia on Poverty Alleviation</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Learning from its mentors in its efforts to eradicate poverty, AKSI UI
believes that the key ingredient to building sustainable impacts is </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">by</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">
developing synergy between the</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">existing strengths in the community. Poverty,
one of the biggest challenges in Indonesia, is multidimensional, so AKSI UI
recognizes that it takes a comprehensive and sustainable multi-sectoral effort
to solve through the synergy between community strengths..</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">This is why AKSI UI does
not work alone.. It encourages collaboration and participation from as many
functions and elements within society as possible in the fight to eliminate
poverty from Indonesia. In other words, it works as a glucohesive force,
bringing all the actors and strengths in society together to build sustainable
solutions.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Such efforts have been conducted with success among others in Klaten</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> in</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Central
Java, West Nusa Tenggara and in TaposTenjo, a suburb of Jakarta. However, given
its very young age, AKSI UI does not have the capacity to work </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">all
over </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>five million km² area of
Indonesia. What now needs to be done is to identify an element in society that
can replicate the cohesive role pla</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">y</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ed by AKSI UI , </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and disseminate the
concept</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">. This structure needs to have a strategic position in the society, to
be trusted, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and to have </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the complete resources and the
capacity to build cohesion between the many elements in society. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Meanwhile, looking</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> back at history, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">we know that in
Indonesia </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">it has always been educational institutions that have inspired and led
meaningful movements in Indonesia. It is therefore clear theat universities</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">
should and</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> can play a pivotal role in leading the fight to combat poverty in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">
respective areas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Consequently, to commemorate its first anniversary, AKSI UI held a 3-day
National Convention on Poverty Eradication, inviting universities from
throughout Indonesia, as well as organisations, NGOs and individuals concerned
with the issue of poverty. The convention was held on 3rd –5th December at the
University of Indonesia in Depok, and was themed “Universities and their
Strategic Role in Enhancing Sustainable Community Empowerment.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Academics responded positively to the event. “Many regions have had a
poverty problem for a long time, be it in coastal or farming areas”, said Prof.
Dr. Hj</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Badia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Perizade, the rector of the University of Sriwijaya, Palembang which is
located in the farming area. Badia, the only female rector among state
universities added, “We need to support each other to create a breakthrough in
solving poverty problems”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Weeks before this initiative was held, additional support was also
obtained from</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> the</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Directorate General of Higher Education, the Ministry of Education and
Culture. This strengthens AKSI UI’s access to the many universities in
Indonesia. Furthermore, AKSI UI also obtained support</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> in</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">
promoting the event from many university groups and associations such as the
association of private universities (APTISI), and the association of Catholic
universities</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> (APTIK). They were also supported by </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the association of
Nahdlatul</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Ulama universities (APTINU), and Muhammadyah assembly of higher
Education;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> these are the biggest Muslim organizations, thus representing the
majority of the Indonesian population</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">. All in all, the convention has succeeded in
gathering representatives from 93 universities from 86 cities throughout
Indonesia from the most Western part of Aceh to the most Eastern part of Papua.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">“</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">This event is owned by
Indonesian’s universities to once more answer the call of history that has
proven them as one of the main pillars in determining the direction of the
Country,” said Bambang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Ismawan, the founder and the Chairman of the Board of Executives AKSI
UI, also the chairman of Bina</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Swadaya Foundation</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">, one of the oldest
and biggest Indonesian NGOs established more than 45 years ago, that has grown
into a giant social enterprise, comprising 17 smaller social</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">enterprises
today. The very first winner of the Social Entrepreneur Award of the Year,
established by Ernst & Young in 2006 among many other awards also added,
“This ownership is important to cement their commitment to boosting the
empowerment process in the community wherever they are located, because o</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ur
nation’s challenge today is to eradicate the poverty that is still widespread
in such a rich country as ours.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">With the interest acquired during the event, this convention is set to
become an annual event, so that as the years pass, there will be a continuous
learning and networking process among universities in creating strategic
synergy aimed at increasing community empowerment and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> capacity </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and
eradicating poverty in a real, comprehensive and sustainable manner. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">To ensure that a wide horizon and in-depth insight are well shared among
the participants, the convention brings together experts and prominent national
practitioners in areas of poverty alleviation, community empowerment, micro
financing, demography and other social issues.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> To name a few,
governmental speakers include </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Special Envoy of the President of Republic of
Indonesia on Poverty Alleviation,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> HS Dillon, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Special
Staff</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> to the <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">President</span> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">on
Economics and Development and Founder of AKSI UI, Firmanzah, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Special
Envoy of the President of Republic of Indonesia on Millenium Development Goals,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Nila
F Moeloek, and Poverty Reduction Director of the National Development Planning
Agency, Rudy S. Prawiradinata. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">T</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">o widen the horizon, this
convention also engages speakers from corporations, such as Sugiharto, the
president commissioner of state-owned petroleum company</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Pertamina,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> and
one of the founders of AKSI UI.”</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> said Dewi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Hutabarat, the Executive</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Director of AKSI UI.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Also
representing corporations in the speakers’ lineup were </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Jerry Ng, President
Director of Bank BTPN which is actively involved in a micro financing programme
that reaches out to the remotest area in the country, and the Pertamina
Foundation with its intention of inviting universities to join</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> the</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">
tree-planting movement as part of the economic solution for empowering the
community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Dewi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> further
stated that</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> a</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">part from the open opportunity to network and exchange experience, this
convention also allows us to build a database of various efforts to alleviate
poverty and empowering the community that has been </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">performed</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> so far
in many regions of Indonesia. This will </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">then </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">become
comprehensive data </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">for </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">common reference</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">I</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">n total, the convention presents approximately 40 speakers from
academics, poverty-related government bodies, activists as well as
corporations. “We want to make sure there will no longer be any silos in the
effort to eradicate poverty” </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Dewi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> said.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">This convention is set as a medium for participants to share experience,
elaborate thoughts and ideas on driving strategic synergy in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">
various </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">area</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">s</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> according to the respective geographical character and condition.
Furthermore, this convention also aims to formulate points of understanding
among the universities on its role to build cohesion and become a driver of
multi-party synergy in the effort to enhance community empowerment in a
sustainable manner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">At</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> the end of the 3-day convention, participants gathered to formulate
points of understanding, as the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">crystallization </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of the discussions held
during the event. These points were then read aloud and signed by all
participants as a declaration. The document will be the starting point of an
action plan.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">“</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">We will monitor the
follow up of the declaration and we will discuss the updates at the convention
next year,” Dewi explained. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">In his keynote speech, Prof. Dr. Subroto, one of AKSI UI founders and a
well-respected Economist, who was also appointed </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Minister of Cooperatives,
and Minister of Min</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ing</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> and Energy </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">during the previous government </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and appointed the Secretary General of OPEC (Organisation
of Petroleum Exporting Countries) for two periods from 1988 to 1994</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> said
“</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Indonesia have been blessed </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">with </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the 3 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">main assets,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">namely</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">
geographic dividend, demographic dividend, and historical dividend. These 3 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">assets</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> should
give no reason for Indonesia not to be able to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> free itself</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> from
poverty. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Indeed</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> Indonesia has become the 16th largest economy in the world; </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">nevertheless</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the
country</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> still has </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">over 100 of the 250 million citizens</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> living below the</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> poverty</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">
line. This means that urgent homework is needed for every element </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in the
country to work together in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the effort to eradicate poverty from the
beloved land of Indonesia.”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">“</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Indeed this is a starting
point, and maybe just as small a point as a drop of water. However, we will
continue to build our effort to create synergies all over Indonesia. We
believe, even small drops of water, when dropped consistently, can create a
hole even in a stone,” said Bambang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Ismawan optimistically.</span><span lang="fr-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="fr-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">In
Bahasa Indonesia</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<a href="http://www.aksisinergi-ui.com/"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.aksisinergi-ui.com/</span></span></a><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">In
Bahasa Indonesia and in English</span><span lang="fr-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="fr-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">http://www.binaswadaya.org/index.php?lang=en</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Katosi
Women’s Development Trust</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"> in</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Uganda: When women take a hand in their own
development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">By Judith Hitchman</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Margaret Nakato from Uganda founded the Katosi Women’s Development Trust<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><span style="color: blue;">[1]</span></span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
in 1996. Her objective, based on her own life experiences, was to empower other
women so that they could take charge of their own lives. She had witnessed her
father’s taking all the decisions on behalf of her mother, a midwife in Katosi,
on Lake Victoria, and believed that if women were able to earn their own
livelihoods, that they would be able to gain greater control and break with a
situation whereby they were mere possessions, at a time when many fisher men
had as many as 6 or 7 wives. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Traditionally, the women in Uganda on Lake Victoria had smoked and
salted fish that they<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>traded regionally
and exported to the Congo, the Sudan and Rwanda. This activity helped these
women and their friends to gain some measure of financial control over their
lives. But with the demand for Nile perch that led to industrialisation of the
fishing on Lake Victoria, the catch had in recent years become a major export
industry for Nile perch, caught and sold directly to the processing plants,
using boats with freezers and improved handling sites all of which are designed
for export only.The small-scale fishers’ wives no longer had access to the fish
for smoking, and had lost what little financial independence they had. <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In this society,
widows, regardless of their order in a marriage (wife #1, 2 or 3, etc.) were
not bestowed any privileges or financial assurance for their future, unless the
husband had specifically given one an asset such as a house. This meant that
single women and widows were all having to leave Katosi, and move to the
islands on the lake or rural trading centres to gain access to the fish or
to find alternative employment opportunities.</span> The issue of HIV-AIDS is
also very serious in the whole of the Lake Victoria region, and many men and
women were losing their lives. If a fisher died, the wife lost control of her
husband’s boat, making the situation even worse. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">The first step of the project involved setting up a “tontine”, a typical
African system of merry-go-round micro-credit, whereby each woman pays a small
sum into a pool every week, and each woman takes it in turn to benefit from the
total amount saved. She did so with six or seven Catholic women she knew well. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">The first initiative of KWDT was to support the women to help them keep
control of the boats. Fish catches<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>were
high, and the women were paid a good price for their fish. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">By 1998, the Katosi Women’s Group owned two boats, and a year later,
they began a micro-credit fund. Despite the boom, boats and fishing gear were
very expensive and unaffordable for many.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some local fishermen and new fishers, interested in gaining from the
boom and high prices for the fresh fish started using poison to catch fish, and
this led to a ban on fish exports from the region for health and hygiene
reasons. The migration of fisher communities from the north due to war also
contributed to the introduction of bad fishing practice on Lake Victoria by
immigrants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">The Katosi Women’s Community was paralysed and poor, as they were so specialised
in fishing. Margaret decided that there was a need for multiple development and
opted to diversify into farming. A single cow could produce milk to help feed
several people - especially the children, and the manure could be used as
fertiliser… and help the women to survive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOxUFB0ohENqfM0q-PhrLGVklSiG7oNiPYSh4MYqKcE908yVbGkgNzi-gg8APeRrrhN4kC6Jhr8hew7qleAJ71ZrtH1zoCyE0_qlKJ2IlO8OB_FDDBOOZywmT_56AXCU4URHh2/s1600/P1030819)B).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOxUFB0ohENqfM0q-PhrLGVklSiG7oNiPYSh4MYqKcE908yVbGkgNzi-gg8APeRrrhN4kC6Jhr8hew7qleAJ71ZrtH1zoCyE0_qlKJ2IlO8OB_FDDBOOZywmT_56AXCU4URHh2/s320/P1030819)B).jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:351.75pt;height:468.75pt' filled="t">
<v:fill color2="black"/>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Yvon\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Margaret
Nakoto speaking at the World Fisheries Day, Lake Victoria, Uganda, November 21,
2012</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">By 1998,
the Katosi Women’s Group owned two boats, and a year later, they began a
micro-credit fund. Despite the boom, boats and fishing gear were very expensive
and unaffordable for many.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some local
fishermen and new fishers, interested in gaining from the boom and high prices
for the fresh fish started using poison to catch fish, and this led to a ban on
fish exports from the region for health and hygiene reasons. The migration of
fisher communities from the north due to war also contributed to the
introduction of bad fishing practice on Lake Victoria by immigrants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The
Katosi Women’s Community was paralysed and poor, as they were so specialised in
fishing. Margaret decided that there was a need for multiple development and
opted to diversify into farming. A single cow could produce milk to help feed
several people - especially the children, and the manure could be used as fertiliser…
and help the women to survive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">By 2000,
there were 48 women involved in the KWDT. The situation regarding the lack of
access to clean water and sanitation had become critical in Katosi. Previously
it had been possible to fetch clean drinking water from the lake. But now water
hyacinth blocked the access, and muddied the water. Furthermore, the big
population on the lakeside was creating pollution. There was little or no
hygiene available to families; people were no longer able to wash in the lake,
as they had done in the past. People used wetlands<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as lavatories, and any toilets that existed
were in a bad state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because of the high
water table, it is very expensive to construct the conventional type of pit
latrine in fisher communities, thus many families opt to use the bush. Coupled
with the high<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>movement within fisher
communities following the fish, many households had temporary toilets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">A
programme of water, hygiene and health began in 2003, to enable women to gain
access to clean, safe water and adequate sanitation. By the end of the year,
KWFDA was engaging successful in agriculture, fishing and micro-credit . The
local women were increasingly proud of their achievements!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Another
year down the road, word of what KWDT was doing had started to spread
throughout the fisher communities. There were 4 applications by other groups to
join. With over one hundred members, the crucial issue had become the capacity
to manage a single large group! The solution was to form a network of women’s
groups that started with 4 groups. The network is now made up of 16 different
groups, and shared resources, skills and knowledge among 385 women! Training
for group leaders became a priority, with Katosi Women’s Development Trust
acting as an umbrella group. Activities also became extended to cover wider
interests, especially fisheries training. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The local
economic situation on the lakeside was still however very difficult. Many women
were indebted, due to the high costs of nets and engines as well as repairs.
Fish was increasingly being sold to middlemen with little or no benefit of
added value to the communities. Margaret, ever resourceful in her ideas,
encouraged the women to diversify into bee-keeping, mushroom farming and fish
farming, as well as animal keeping (chickens and pigs); the trading from these
activities enabled the women to access credit. It was all accompanied by
training.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Benefits
were immediately visible. Children were able to continue their schooling,
women’s self-esteem improved. An illustration of this is how one house that had
previously been referred to as “the widow’s house” was now called “the house of
the woman who has two cows”! The women have also progressively taken on roles
that were previously reserved for men, such as building water tanks… Women have
progressively also became involved as decision-makers within their local
communities, at Local Authority level, and helped build both transparency and
management of resources<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>within their
communities. In a country previously reputed more for corruption than for
sustainable local development, this is indeed an important achievement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In 2012,
during the World Water Forum held in Marseilles in France, Margaret Nakato
received the award of the third Kyoto World Water Grand Prize on behalf of the
KWDT. A fitting recompense for all the inspirational work that she and her
exceptional team have done in recent years. She was also co-president of the
World Fishing Forum, holding office until November 2012, when she passed on the
responsibility. She remains the Secretary General of the WFF, an activity that
fall under the umbrella of KWDT.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto;">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/katosiwomen"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: blue;">https://www.facebook.com/katosiwomen</span></span></a><span lang="fr-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="fr-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">About the Newsletter</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">This Newsletter
is published in French, English, Spanish and Portuguese, It has been produced
on a totally voluntary basis since the first issue in 2003. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">The Editorial
team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation
and revision: </span><span lang="fr-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="fr-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Michel Colin
(Brazil)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="fr-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Paula Garuz
Naval (Ireland)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="fr-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Évéline Poirier
(Canada)</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Brunilda Rafael
(France)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">We also wish to
thank the Civil Policy Research Institute (CPRI) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for
the Japanese translation and AKSI UI for the translation to Bahasa Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Our Newsletters
are available on the WEB:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">http://local-development.blogspot.com/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">To contact us
(for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):</span><span lang="fr-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="fr-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: #0400; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #0400;">Yvon Poirier
ypoirier@videotron.ca</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"><span style="color: blue;">[1]</span></span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="X-NONE" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><span lang="X-NONE">http://www.katosi.org/<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-825673837108601502012-11-04T12:06:00.002-08:002012-11-04T12:07:36.023-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>International</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Newsletter</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>on</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Sustainable</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Local</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Development</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Newsletter</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>#93</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>November</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>1st</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>2012</b></span></span></span></div>
<div lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Summary</b></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>From</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>strength</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>strength:</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>The</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>mutual</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>support</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>empowerment</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>group</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>village</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>women</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>India</b></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Message</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>from</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
E</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>ditorial</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
T</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>eam</b></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Éléonore</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Dupré</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">French,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">student</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">at</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Institute</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Political</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Studies</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">at</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Aix-en-Provence</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">France.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">In</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">course</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">her</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">studies</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">she</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">spent</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
a six-</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">month</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">internship</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Sarva</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Seva</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Farms</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Association</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">India.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
Her </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">objective</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">was</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">study</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">s</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">empowerment</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">villages.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">In</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">this</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">article</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">she</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">recounts</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">her</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">main</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">observations.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">We</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">already</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">written</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">about</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">community</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">development</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">this</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Indian</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">organisation</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">our</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
N</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ewsletter</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
#</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">60.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">been</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">working</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">since</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">1968</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">support</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">poor</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">taking</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">control</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">social,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">economic</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cultural</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">lives.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">now</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">works</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">10,150</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">villages,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">covering</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">total</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">population</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">5</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">million</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">people,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">7</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">States</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">India!</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Yvon</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">had</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">close</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">relationship</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">since</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">2002.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">He</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">confirms</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Éléonore</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">s</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">story</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">testifies</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">crucially</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">important</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">work</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">capacity</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">strengthening</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">particularly</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">s</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">support</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">groups.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Editorial</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Team</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Judith</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Hitchman</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Yvon</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Poirier</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Martine</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Theveniaut</span></span></span></span><br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>From</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>strength</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>strength:</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>The</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>mutual</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>support</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>empowerment</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>group</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>village</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>women</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>India</b></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">By</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Éléonore</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Dupré</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnZ-SsJrlrij6cMsHUaPF2SeF0hwkJyQfN_Irk-b6kqvQbrOa2ug0hUke0iCy_WqF70MAlbju0V5YWcN6bzfHZoOTFU8X6JFhrjdX3N9N4FSfPwtcj4kzTNDE_rfFXa8zCuEaw/s1600/Photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnZ-SsJrlrij6cMsHUaPF2SeF0hwkJyQfN_Irk-b6kqvQbrOa2ug0hUke0iCy_WqF70MAlbju0V5YWcN6bzfHZoOTFU8X6JFhrjdX3N9N4FSfPwtcj4kzTNDE_rfFXa8zCuEaw/s320/Photo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">In</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">remote</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">village</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Tamil</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Nadu,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">middle</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">makeshift</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">hut,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">young</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">woman</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">rags</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">squatting:</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">she</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">preparing</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">dinner.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">She</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">left</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">school</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">at</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">12.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Some</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">years</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">later,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">she</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">was</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">married</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">by</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">her</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">parents</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">man</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">from</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">neighbouring</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">family.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">She</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">never</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">travelled</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">beyond</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">nearest</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">town,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Natham,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">mere</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">7</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">kilometres</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">away.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">In</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">same</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">village,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">at</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">end</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">dirt</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">track</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">alley</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">full</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">children</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">at</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">play</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">another</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">house.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">It</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">new</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">spacious.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">A</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">woman</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">sitting</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">there</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">on</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">veranda,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">together</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">other</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">She</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">welcomes</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">us</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">chai</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">vadai</span></span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote1sym" name="sdfootnote1anc"><sup>1</sup></a></span></span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">She</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">proudly</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">speaks</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">her</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">three</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">children</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">who</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">following</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">secondary</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">studies</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">regional</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">capital.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">She</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">talks</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">about</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">financial</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">success</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">her</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">family,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">which</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">she</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">largely</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">contributed.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">She</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">talks</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">about</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">her</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">role</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">village,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">president</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">self-help</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(SHG</span></span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote2sym" name="sdfootnote2anc"><sup>2</sup></a></span></span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">).</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">She</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">responsible</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">for</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">organising</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">milk</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">collection</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">processing.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Her</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">activity</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">provided</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">her</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">new</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">status</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">both</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">within</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">her</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">family</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">village.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">She</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">enthusiastically</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">describes</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">land</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">they</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">been</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">able</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">buy</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">farm,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">thanks</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">milk</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">business.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">She</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">confidently</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">describes</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">how</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">she</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">now</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">meetings</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">director</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
State Bank of India</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">how</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">she</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">travels</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">freely</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">alone</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">other</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">states</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">India.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">And</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">this</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">activity</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">does</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">not</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">just</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">make</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">money</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">for</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">her,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">but</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">for</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">all</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">members</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">S</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">HG,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">who</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">all</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">increased</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">income</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">improved</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">living</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">conditions.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">These</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">two</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">stories</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">both</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">take</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">place</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">same</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">village,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Mathukarampathy,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">they</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">describe</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">one</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">same</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">woman,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Kala.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">first</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
description </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">flashback</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">fifteen</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">years</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ago;</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">second</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">describes</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">her</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">life</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">today.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">How</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">this</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">change</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">come</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">about?</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">What</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">factors</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">so</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">changed</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">this</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">woman</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">life?</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Although</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">it</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">impossible</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">single</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">out</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">variable</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">factors</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">enabled</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">this</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">change</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">occur</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(they</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">linked</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">important</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">change</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Indian</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">society</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">undergone</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">recent</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">decades),</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">I</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">shall</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">try</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">demonstrate</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">role</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">supporting</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Indian</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">empowerment.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">A</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">support</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">voluntary</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">association</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
with </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">maximum</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">twenty</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">people.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">members</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">live</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">close</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">one</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">another</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">shared</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">interests.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">They</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">democratically</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">constituted,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">no</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">political</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">affiliation.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">meets</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">regularly</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">constitute</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">savings</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">discuss</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">any</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">problems</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">they</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">may</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">These</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">shared</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">savings</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">provide</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">members</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">access</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">loans,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">each</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">member</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">having</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">turn.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">A</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">key</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">factor</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">success</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">these</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">groups</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">uniform</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">nature:</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">they</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">generally</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">made</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">up</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(empirical</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">studies</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">shown</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">groups</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">tend</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">be</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">solvent);</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">they</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">come</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">from</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">same</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">village</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(peer</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">groups</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">guarantee</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">regular</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">repayments).</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">term</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">empowerment</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">can</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">be</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">defined</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">process</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">enables</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">people</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">or</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">increase</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ability</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">make</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">decisions</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">transform</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">them</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">into</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">actions</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">desired</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">outcomes.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">So</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">how</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">do</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">increase</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">empowerment?</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">In</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">light</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">bibliographic</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">research</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">field</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">experience</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">recorded</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">by</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span></span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote3sym" name="sdfootnote3anc"><sup>3</sup></a></span></span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">following</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">hypotheses</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">can</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">be</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">advanced:</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(1):</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">self-help</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">contributed</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">genuine</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">material</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">change</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(well-being</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">families),</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">well</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">psychological</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">change</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">become</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">actors</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">own</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">lives</span></span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote4sym" name="sdfootnote4anc"><sup>4</sup></a></span></span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">).</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(2)</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">success</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">based</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">on</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">several</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">economic</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">social</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">variables</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">condition</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">empowerment;</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">viability</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">system</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">genuine</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">control</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">over</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">loans</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">take</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">out.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(3)</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">support</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">local</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">NGO</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">can</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">help</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">meet</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">these</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">socio-economic</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">challenges.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>The</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>self-help</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>group,</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>material</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>support</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>a</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>psychological</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>revolution</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>The</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>well-being</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>both</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>women</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>their</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>families</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Access</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">enables</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cope</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">daily</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">exceptional</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">expenses</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">well</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">facilitating</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">improving</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">living</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">conditions.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">self-help</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">groups</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ensure</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">access</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">loans</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">launch</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">economically</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">profitable</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">activities</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cover</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cost</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ceremonies,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">education</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">housing</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">or</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">healthcare.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">An</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">example</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">this</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">how</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">coordinated</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">by</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">can</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">take</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">out</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">interest-free</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">loans</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cover</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">healthcare</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">expenditure.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">many</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">different</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">opportunities</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">services</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(housing,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">education,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">healthcare)</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">not</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">limited</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">alone,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">but</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">obviously</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">also</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cover</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">entire</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">families.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">case</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">studies,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">like</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">one</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">presented</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">above</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">our</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">introduction,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">underline</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">how</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">much</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">general</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">living</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">conditions</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">improved.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Beyond</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>material</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>support,</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>psychological</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>change</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">self-help</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">not</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">just</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">financial</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">institution,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">it</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">also</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">forum</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">where</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">gather</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">discuss</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">issues</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">were</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">taboo</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">past</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(domestic</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">violence,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">harassment</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">for</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">dowry,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">etc.)</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">stand</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">together</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">facing</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">difficulties</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">life</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">thrown</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">at</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">them.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">self-help</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">groups</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">for</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">example</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">launched</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">social</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">programmes</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">such</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">maternity</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">bereavement</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">support</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(Sarvodaya</span></span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><i><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote5sym" name="sdfootnote5anc"><sup>5</sup></a></i></span></span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">sort</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">social</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">security</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">system),</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">well</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">marriages</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">help</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">families</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cut</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">down</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">on</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">expensive</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">organisation</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ceremony,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">which</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">an</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">important</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cause</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">indebtedness.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">now</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">access</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">jobs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">were</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">previously</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">reserved</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">for</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">men</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">civil</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">service,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">vets</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">etc.)</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">through</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">commitment</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">self-help</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">groups.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">provide</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">real</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">springboard</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">seizing</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">new</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">opportunities,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">thanks</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">training</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">they</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">can</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">provide</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">well</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">means</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">support.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">They</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">enable</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">become</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">actors</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">own</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">lives</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">overcome</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">inferior</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">status</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">often</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">still</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">theirs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Indian</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">society.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="CENTER" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Economic</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>social</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>issues</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">success</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">way</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">which</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">it</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">benefits</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">based</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">both</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">on</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">viability</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">system</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">well</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">control</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">over</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">loan.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Micro-credit</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>empowerment</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>women</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Indian</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>society</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Many</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">voices</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">been</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">raised</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">criticise</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">relevance</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">alleviating</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">poverty</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">its</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">related</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">issues,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">particularly</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">those</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">affect</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote6sym" name="sdfootnote6anc"><sup>6</sup></a></span></span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">But</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">institutions</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">based</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">on</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">groups</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">have</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">produced</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">very</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">positive</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">results:</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">peer-pressure</span></span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote7sym" name="sdfootnote7anc"><sup>7</sup></a></span></span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">from</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">within</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">an</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">efficient</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">guarantee</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ensures</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">financial</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">solvency</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Swain</span></span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote8sym" name="sdfootnote8anc"><sup>8</sup></a></span></span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">adds</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">association</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">NGOs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">key</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">element</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">guarantees</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">viability</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">institutions.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">NGO</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">study</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">based</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">on</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">this</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">argument,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">it</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">strengthens</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">system</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">by</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">providing</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">training</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHG</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">leaders</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">creating</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">horizontal</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">structures</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(networks</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs),</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">well</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">vertical</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ones</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">(SHGs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">different</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">levels</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">coordinating</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">institutions,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">such</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Sarvodaya</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Mutual</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Benefit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Trust,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Sarvodaya</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Nano</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Finance</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Limited).</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">These</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">structures</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">jointly</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">guarantee</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">efficient</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">management</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">group,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">well</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">providing</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">greater</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">economic</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">support.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Self-help</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>groups</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>society</b></span></span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">It</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">however</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">necessary</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">underline</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">many</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">social</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">changes</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">this</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">new</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">status</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">acquired</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">by</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">through</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">self-help</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">groups</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">implies,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">well</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">outline</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">possibility</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">negative</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">repercussions</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">linked</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">involvement</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">these</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">groups.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">wheel</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">change</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">society</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">also</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">involves</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">some</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">inertia</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">vector</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">codes</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">customs.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">As</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">result</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">new</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">income</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">earned</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">by</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">some</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">married</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">some</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">husbands</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">tend</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cut</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">down</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">on</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">financial</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">support</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">within</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">marriage.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">In</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">majority</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cases</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">were</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">also</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">faced</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">heavier</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">burden,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">result</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">involvement</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHG.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Furthermore</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">do</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">not</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">always</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">maintain</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">control</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">over</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">loans.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">In</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">worse</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cases,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">are</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">mere</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">intermediaries</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">between</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">bank</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">husbands.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">final</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">observation</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">was</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">this</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">new</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">access</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">led</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">an</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">increase</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">domestic</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">violence</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">couples</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">where</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">were</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">involved</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs;</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">this</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">symbol</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">resistance</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">change</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">society</span></span></span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote9sym" name="sdfootnote9anc"><sup>9</sup></a></span></span></span></sup><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">process</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">empowerment</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">therefore</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">has</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">important</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">repercussions</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">on</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">society,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">it</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">undermines</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">codes</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">customs.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Responses</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>perspectives:</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>SHGs</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>local</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>NGOs,</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>ASSEFA</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>
</b></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB"><b>example</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; orphans: 0; widows: 0;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">As</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">aware</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">these</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">issues</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Indian</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">society,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">system,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">they</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">defend</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">holistic</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">approach</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">development,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">with</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">view</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">rectifying</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">these</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">paradigms.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Rather</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">than</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">consider</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">tools</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">guarantee</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">efficiency</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">perceived</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">a</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">tool</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">support</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">improve</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">their</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">living</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">conditions.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">also</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">include</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">many</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">other</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">activities</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">such</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">as</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">milk</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">collection</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">for</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">five</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">plants</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">that</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">cooperatives</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">social</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">activities</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">like</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">collective</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">weddings</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">healthcare</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">funeral</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">mutual</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">funds.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">They</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">also</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">involve</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">schools</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">’
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">management</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">access</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">civil</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">service</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">jobs,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">particularly</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Panchayats,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">grass-roots</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">political</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">unit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">in</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">India.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">By</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">supporting</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">SHGs,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">NGO</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">increases</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">the</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">openings</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">available</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">to</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">women.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">overall</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">holistic</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">approach</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">development</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">places</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">women</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">at</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">heart</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">development.</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">play</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">key</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">role</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">all</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">activities</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">10,150</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">villages</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">involved.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">In</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">precise</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">case</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">solidarity</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">mutual</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">fund</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">added</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> “</span><span lang="en-GB">group</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">pressure</span><span lang="en-GB">” </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">help</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">repay</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">loans.</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Thus</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">linked</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">through</span><span lang="en-GB">
“</span><span lang="en-GB">Trusts</span><span lang="en-GB">” </span><span lang="en-GB">they</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">own</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">their</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">financial</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">institutions.</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">This</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">surely</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">explains</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">why</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">micro-credit</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">performance</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">recognised</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">one</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">most</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">successful</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">there</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">is,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">with</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">repayment</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">rate</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">over</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">99%.</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Although</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">this</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">symbol</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">success</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">it</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">only</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">represents</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">economic</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">dimension</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">equation.</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">personal</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">history</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Kala</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">one</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">thousands.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">It</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">story</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">how</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">steps</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">can</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">change</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">women</span><span lang="en-GB">’</span><span lang="en-GB">s</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">lives,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">become</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">giant</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">leaps.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span></span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-CA" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA"><b>About</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA"><b>the</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA"><b>
</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA"><b>Newsletter</b></span></span></span></span></div>
<div lang="en-CA" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">This</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Newsletter</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">is</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">published</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">French,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">English,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Spanish</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">and</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Portuguese,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">It</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">has</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">been</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">produced</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">on</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">a</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">totally</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">voluntary</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">basis</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">since</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">first</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">issue</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">2003.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span>
</div>
<div lang="en-CA" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">The</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Editorial</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">team</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">wishes</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">to</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">thank</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">following</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">volunteers</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">for</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">their</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">support</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">translation</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">and</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">revision:</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">Michel</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">Colin</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">(Brazil)</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">Paula</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">Garuz</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">Naval</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">(Ireland)</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">Évéline</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">Poirier</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">(Canada)</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Brunilda</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Rafael</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">(France)</span></span></span></span></div>
<div lang="en-CA" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">We</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">also</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">wish</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">to</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">thank</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Civil</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Policy</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Research</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Institute</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">(CPRI)</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">of</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Seikatsu</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Club</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">in</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Japan</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">for</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Japanese</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">translation.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div lang="en-CA" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Our</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">Newsletters</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">are</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">available</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">on</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">the</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">WEB:</span></span></span></span></div>
<div lang="en-CA" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">http://local-development.blogspot.com/</span></span></span></div>
<div lang="en-CA" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">www.apreis.org/</span></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">To</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">contact</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">us</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">(for</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">information,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">feedback,</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">to</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">subscribe</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">or</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-CA">unsubscribe):</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">Yvon</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">Poirier</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="">ypoirier@videotron.ca</span></span></span></span></div>
<div id="sdfootnote1">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote1anc" name="sdfootnote1sym">1</a><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Spicy</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">pastries,</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">typical</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">region</span></div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote2">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote2anc" name="sdfootnote2sym">2</a><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Women</span><span lang="en-GB">’</span><span lang="en-GB">s</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Self-help</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Group</span></div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote3">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote3anc" name="sdfootnote3sym">3</a><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">ASSEFA</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">an</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Indian</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">NGO</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">has</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">over</span><span lang="en-GB">
f</span><span lang="en-GB">orty</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">years</span><span lang="en-GB">’
</span><span lang="en-GB">experience.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">It</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">based</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Tamil</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Nadu.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">In</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">order</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">defend</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">holistic</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">sustainable</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">development</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">they</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">have</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">diversified</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">extended</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">their</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">action</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">several</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">other</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">states,</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">working</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">with</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">women,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">children</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">communities.</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">organisation</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">committed</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">work</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">« the</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">good</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">all »</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">(Saryodaya),</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">sustainable</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">development</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">with</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">people</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">he</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">key</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">actors</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">(Swadeshi).</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">I</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">was</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fortunate</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">have</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">spent</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">five</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">months</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">this</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">organisation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">have</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">followed</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">all</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">their</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">activities,</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">particularly</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">those</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">involving</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">self-help</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">groups.</span></div>
<div class="sdfootnote">
<span lang="en-GB"> *Association</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Sarva</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Seva</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">farm.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">From</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Sanskrit</span><span lang="en-GB">
“</span><span lang="en-GB">sarva</span><span lang="en-GB">”</span><span lang="en-GB">:</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">all;</span><span lang="en-GB"> “</span><span lang="en-GB">seva</span><span lang="en-GB">”</span><span lang="en-GB">:</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">service.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span>
</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote4">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote4anc" name="sdfootnote4sym">4</a><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Amartya</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Sen</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">defines</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">term</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agent</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">following</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">goals</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">objectives</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">people</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">right</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">follow.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">In</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">India,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">history,</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">culture</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">identity,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">A.</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Sen</span></div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote5">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote5anc" name="sdfootnote5sym">5</a><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Sarvodaya</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">(from</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Sanskrit,</span><span lang="en-GB">
“</span><span lang="en-GB">sarva </span><span lang="en-GB">“</span><span lang="en-GB">:</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">all;</span><span lang="en-GB"> “</span><span lang="en-GB">udaya</span><span lang="en-GB">”</span><span lang="en-GB">:</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">prosperity)</span></div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote6">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote6anc" name="sdfootnote6sym">6</a><span lang="en-GB">D.</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Adam</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">speaks</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">about</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB">
“</span><span lang="en-GB">industry</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">micro-debts</span><span lang="en-GB">”
</span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">qualifying</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">self-help</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">groups.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Mayoux</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">questions</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">possibility</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">growth</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">from</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">micro-enterprises.</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">Scully</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Dawkins</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">questions</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">focus</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">on</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">micro-enterprise</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">detriment</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">required</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">structural</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">reforms</span></div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote7">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote7anc" name="sdfootnote7sym">7</a><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">repayment</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">rate</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">loans</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">SHGs</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB">
</span><span lang="en-GB">over</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">90%.</span><span lang="en-CA">
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote8">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote8anc" name="sdfootnote8sym">8</a><span lang="en-CA">
</span><span lang="en-CA">Quoted</span><span lang="en-CA"> </span><span lang="en-CA">above...</span></div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote9">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#sdfootnote9anc" name="sdfootnote9sym">9</a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-CA">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">An</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">annual</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">increase</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">of</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">10%</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">in</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">domestic</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">violence</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">was</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">observed</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">in</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">the</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">households</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">of</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">women</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">in</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">SHGs.</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">In</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
“</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>Can</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>
</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>micro-finance</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>
</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>empower</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>
</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>women:</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>
</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>Self-help</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>
</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>groups</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>
</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>in</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>
</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>India</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>”
</u></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">by</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">Ranjula</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">Bali</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">
</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-US">Swain</span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-56428191978309037722012-11-04T12:03:00.004-08:002012-11-04T12:03:42.204-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="WordSection1">
<div class="Titre9" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 11.35pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: navy;"><span style="background-color: #ff9966;"><span style="font-family: Century Gothic;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">International</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Newsletter</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">for</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Sustainable</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Local</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Development<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="Sous-Ttregeneral" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 11.35pt;">
<em><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #ff9966;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Newsletter</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">#93</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"><span style="font-size: large;"> — November
1</span><sup><span style="font-size: small;">st</span></sup></span></b><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">2012<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></em></div>
</div>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF; text-shadow: auto;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></i>
<br />
<div class="WordSection2">
<div style="background: rgb(255, 153, 102); border-color: black currentColor; border-style: solid none; border-width: 1pt medium; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .25pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 0cm;">
<div class="TitreTR1" style="margin: 1cm 0cm 4.25pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Century Gothic;">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: navy; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF; text-effect: outline; text-shadow: auto;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="WordSection3">
<div class="MsoToc1" style="margin: 11.35pt 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: right dotted 467.25pt left 481.85pt;">
<span lang="FR"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Message from the Editorial Team<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.......................................................... </span>1<o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></span></div>
<div class="MsoToc1" style="margin: 11.35pt 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: right dotted 467.25pt left 481.85pt;">
<strong><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="FR">From strength to strength: The mutual support and empowerment group of
village women in India<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................... </span>2</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></strong></div>
</div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div style="background: rgb(255, 153, 102); border-color: black currentColor; border-style: solid none; border-width: 1pt medium; margin-left: -0.85pt; margin-right: 1.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .25pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 0cm;">
<h1 style="background: rgb(255, 153, 102); margin: 34pt 0cm 4.25pt 15pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 0cm left 14.25pt 465.0pt right dotted 467.25pt left 481.85pt; text-indent: -15pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Century Gothic;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Message</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">from</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Editorial</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Team<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></h1>
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Éléonore</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Dupré</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">French,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">student</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">at</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Institute</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Political</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Studies</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">at</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Aix-en-Provence</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">France.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">In</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">course</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">her</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">studies</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">she</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">spent</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> a six-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">month</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">internship</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Sarva</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Seva</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Farms</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Association</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">India.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> Her </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">objective</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">was</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">study</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">’</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">s</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">empowerment</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">villages.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">In</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">this</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">article</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">she</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">recounts</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">her</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">main</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">observations.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">We</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">have</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">already</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">written</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">about</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">community</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">development</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">this</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Indian</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">organisation</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">our</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> N</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">ewsletter</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> #</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">60.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">been</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">working</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">since</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">1968</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">support</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">poor</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">taking</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">control</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">social,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">economic</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">cultural</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">lives.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">now</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">works</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">10,150</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">villages,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">covering</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">total</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">population</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">5</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">million</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">people,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">7</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">States</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">India!</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Yvon</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">had</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">close</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">relationship</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">since</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">2002.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">He</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">confirms</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Éléonore</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">’</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">s</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">story</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">testifies</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">crucially</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">important</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">work</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">capacity</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">strengthening</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">women,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">particularly</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">’</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">s</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">support</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">groups.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="auteur" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.4pt;">
<em><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Editorial</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Team<o:p></o:p></span></span></em></div>
<br />
<div class="auteur" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.4pt;">
<em><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Judith</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></span></em></div>
<br />
<div class="auteur" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.4pt;">
<em><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Yvon</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></span></em></div>
<br />
<div class="auteur" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.4pt;">
<em><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Martine</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">Theveniaut<o:p></o:p></span></span></em></div>
<br />
<div class="auteur" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p><em><span style="font-family: Georgia;"> </span></em></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="auteur" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p><em><span style="font-family: Georgia;"> </span></em></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="background: rgb(255, 153, 102); border-color: black currentColor; border-style: solid none; border-width: 1pt medium; margin-left: 1.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .25pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1pt 0cm;">
<h1 style="background: rgb(255, 153, 102); line-height: 150%; margin: 34pt 0cm 4.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Century Gothic;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">From</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">strength</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">strength:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">The</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">mutual</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">support</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">and</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">empowerment</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">group</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">of</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">village</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">women</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">in</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Century Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;">India<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></h1>
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">By</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Éléonore</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Dupré<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TLu6xTh4WEc/UJbJyTR2ZII/AAAAAAAAAoc/rTEKBz0CO9c/s1600/Photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TLu6xTh4WEc/UJbJyTR2ZII/AAAAAAAAAoc/rTEKBz0CO9c/s320/Photo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1">
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1">
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0">
</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></span></v:shapetype><v:shape filled="t" id="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 386.9pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 6pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: center; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-left: 0; mso-wrap-distance-right: 0; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 438.85pt; z-index: 251658752;" type="#_x0000_t75"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">
<v:fill color2="black">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Yvon\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg">
<w:wrap side="largest" type="square">
</w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:fill></span></v:shape><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">In</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">remote</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">village</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Tamil</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Nadu,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">middle</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">makeshift</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">hut,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">young</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">woman</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">rags</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">squatting:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">she</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">preparing</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">dinner.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">She</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">left</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">school</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">at</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">12.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Some</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">years</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">later,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">she</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">was</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">married</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">by</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">her</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">parents</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">man</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">from</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">neighbouring</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">family.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">She</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">never</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">travelled</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">beyond</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">nearest</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">town,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Natham,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">mere</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">7</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">kilometres</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">away.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">In</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">same</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">village,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">at</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">end</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">dirt</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">track</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">alley</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">full</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">children</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">at</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">play</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">another</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">house.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">It</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">new</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">spacious.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">A</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">woman</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">sitting</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">there</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">on</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">veranda,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">together</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">other</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">She</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">welcomes</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">us</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">chai</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">vadai</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="color: blue;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">She</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">proudly</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">speaks</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">her</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">three</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">children</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">who</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">are</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">following</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">secondary</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">studies</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">regional</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">capital.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">She</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">talks</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">about</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">financial</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">success</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">her</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">family,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">which</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">she</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">largely</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">contributed.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">She</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">talks</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">about</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">her</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">role</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">village,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">president</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">’</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">self-help</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">group</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(SHG</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="color: blue;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">She</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">responsible</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">for</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">organising</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">milk</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">collection</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">processing.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Her</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">activity</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">provided</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">her</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">new</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">status</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">both</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">within</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">her</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">family</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">village.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">She</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">enthusiastically</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">describes</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">land</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">they</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">have</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">been</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">able</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">buy</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">farm,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">thanks</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">milk</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">business.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">She</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">confidently</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">describes</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">how</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">she</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">now</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">meetings</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">director</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> State Bank of India</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">how</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">she</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">travels</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">freely</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">alone</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">other</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">states</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">India.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">And</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">this</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">activity</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">does</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">not</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">just</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">make</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">money</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">for</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">her,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">but</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">for</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">all</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">members</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">S</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">HG,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">who</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">have</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">all</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">increased</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">income</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">improved</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">living</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">conditions.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">These</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">two</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">stories</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">both</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">take</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">place</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">in</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">same</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">village,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Mathukarampathy,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">they</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">describe</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">one</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">same</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">woman,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Kala.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">The</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">first</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> description </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">a</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">flashback</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">fifteen</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">years</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">ago,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">second</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">describes</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">her</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">life</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">today.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">How</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">has</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">this</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">change</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">come</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">about?</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">What</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">are</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">factors</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">that</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">have</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">so</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">changed</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">this</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">woman</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">’</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">s</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">life?</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Although</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">it</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">is</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">impossible</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">single</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">out</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">variable</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">factors</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">that</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">enabled</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">this</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">change</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">occur</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">(they</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">are</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">linked</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">important</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">change</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">that</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Indian</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">society</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">has</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">undergone</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">in</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">recent</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">decades),</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">I</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">shall</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">try</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">demonstrate</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">role</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">in</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">supporting</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Indian</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">’</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">s</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">empowerment.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">A</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">support</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">group</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">is</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">a</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">voluntary</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">association</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> with </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">a</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">maximum</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">twenty</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">people.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">The</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">members</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">live</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">close</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">one</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">another</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">have</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">shared</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">interests.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">They</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">are</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">democratically</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">constituted,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">have</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">no</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">political</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">affiliation.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> Th</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">e</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">group</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">meets</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">regularly</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">constitute</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">their</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">savings</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">discuss</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">any</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">problems</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">they</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">may</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">have.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">These</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">shared</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">savings</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">provide</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">members</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">group</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">access</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">loans,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">with</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">each</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">member</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">having</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">their</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">turn.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">A</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">key</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">factor</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">success</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">these</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">groups</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">is</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">their</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">uniform</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">nature:</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">they</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">are</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">generally</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">made</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">up</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">(empirical</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">studies</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">have</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">shown</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">that</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">’</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">s</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">groups</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">tend</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">be</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">solvent);</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">they</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">come</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">from</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">same</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">village</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">(peer</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">groups</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">guarantee</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">regular</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">repayments).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">term</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">empowerment</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">can</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">be</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">defined</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">process</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">enables</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">people</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">or</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">group</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">increase</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ability</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">make</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">decisions</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">transform</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">them</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">into</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">actions</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">desired</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">outcomes.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">So</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">how</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">do</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">increase</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">’</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">empowerment?</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">In</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">light</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">bibliographic</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">research</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">field</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">experience</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">recorded</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">by</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ASSEFA</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="color: blue;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">following</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">hypotheses</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">can</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">be</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">advanced:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(1):</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">self-help</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">group</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">contributed</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">genuine</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">material</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">change</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(well-being</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">families),</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">well</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">psychological</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">change</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">become</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">actors</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">own</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">lives</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="color: blue;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(2)</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">success</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">based</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">on</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">several</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">economic</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">social</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">variables</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">condition</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">’</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">empowerment;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">viability</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">micro-credit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">system</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">genuine</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">control</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">over</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">loans</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">take</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">out.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(3)</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">support</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">local</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">NGO</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">can</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">help</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">meet</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">these</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">socio-economic</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">challenges.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">The</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">self-help</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">group,</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">material</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">support</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">a</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">psychological</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">revolution<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">The</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">well-being</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">both</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">their</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">families<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Access</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">micro-credit</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">enables</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">cope</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">with</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">daily</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">exceptional</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">expenses</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">as</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">well</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">as</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">facilitating</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">improving</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">their</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">living</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">conditions.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">The</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">self-help</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">groups</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">ensure</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">that</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">have</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">access</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">loans</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">launch</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">economically</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">profitable</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">activities</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">cover</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">cost</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">ceremonies,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">education</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">housing</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">or</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">healthcare.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">An</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">example</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">this</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">is</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">how</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">in</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">coordinated</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">by</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">ASSEFA,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">can</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">take</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">out</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">interest-free</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">loans</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">cover</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">healthcare</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">expenditure.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">The</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">many</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">different</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">opportunities</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">services</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">(housing,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">education,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">healthcare)</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">are</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">not</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">limited</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">alone,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">but</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">obviously</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">also</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">cover</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">their</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">entire</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">families.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">The</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">case</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">studies,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">like</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">one</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">presented</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">above</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">in</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">our</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">introduction,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">underline</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">how</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">much</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">general</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">living</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">conditions</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">have</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">improved.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Beyond</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">material</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">support,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">psychological</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">change<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">self-help</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">group</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">not</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">just</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">financial</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">institution,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">it</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">also</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">forum</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">where</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">gather</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">discuss</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">issues</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">were</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">taboo</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">past</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(domestic</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">violence,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">harassment</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">for</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">dowry,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">etc.)</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">stand</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">together</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">facing</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">difficulties</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">life</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">thrown</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">at</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">them.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">self-help</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">groups</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">have,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">for</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">example</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">launched</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">social</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">programmes</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">such</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">maternity</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">bereavement</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">support</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(Sarvodaya</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="color: blue;">[5]</span></span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">sort</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">social</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">security</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">system),</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">well</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">group</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">marriages</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">help</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">families</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">cut</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">down</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">on</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">expensive</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">organisation</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ceremony,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">which</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">an</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">important</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">cause</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">indebtedness.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">now</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">have</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">access</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">jobs</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">that</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">were</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">previously</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">reserved</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">for</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">men</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">(in</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">civil</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">service,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">as</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">vets</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">etc.)</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">through</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">their</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">commitment</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">self-help</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">groups.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">The</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">provide</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">a</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">real</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">springboard</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">seizing</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">new</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">opportunities,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">thanks</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">training</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">they</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">can</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">provide</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">as</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">well</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">as</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">means</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">support.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">They</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">enable</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">become</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">actors</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">their</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">own</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">lives</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">overcome</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">inferior</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">status</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">that</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">is</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">often</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">still</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">theirs</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">in</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Indian</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">society.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Economic</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">social</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">issues<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">The</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">success</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">group</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">way</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">in</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">which</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">it</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">benefits</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">is</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">based</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">both</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">on</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">viability</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">micro-credit</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">system</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">as</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">well</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">as</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">control</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">that</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">have</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">over</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">loan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Micro-credit</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">empowerment</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">in</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Indian</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">society</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Many</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">voices</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">have</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">been</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">raised</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">criticise</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">relevance</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">micro-credit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">alleviating</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">poverty</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">its</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">related</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">issues,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">particularly</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">those</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">affect</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="color: blue;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">But</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">micro-credit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">institutions</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">based</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">on</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">’</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">s</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">groups</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">have</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">produced</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">very</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">positive</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">results:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">peer-pressure</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="color: blue;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">from</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">within</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">group</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">an</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">efficient</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">guarantee</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ensures</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">financial</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">solvency</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">group.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Swain</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="color: blue;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">adds</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">association</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">NGOs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">key</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">element</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">guarantees</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">viability</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">micro-credit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">institutions.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">NGO</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">study</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">based</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">on</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">this</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">argument,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">it</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">strengthens</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">micro-credit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">system</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">by</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">providing</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">training</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHG</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">leaders</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">creating</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">horizontal</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">structures</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(networks</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHGs),</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">well</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">vertical</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ones</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(SHGs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">different</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">levels</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">coordinating</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">institutions,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">such</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Sarvodaya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Mutual</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Benefit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Trust,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Sarvodaya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Nano</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Finance</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Limited).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">These</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">structures</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">jointly</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">guarantee</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">efficient</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">management</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">group,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">well</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">providing</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">greater</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">economic</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">support.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Self-help</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt;">groups</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt;">in</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 12pt;">society<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">It</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">is</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">however</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">necessary</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">underline</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">many</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">social</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">changes</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">that</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">this</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">new</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">status</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">acquired</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">by</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">through</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">self-help</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">groups</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">implies,</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">as</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">well</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">as</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">outline</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">possibility</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">of</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">negative</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">repercussions</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">linked</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">women</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">’</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">s</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">involvement</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">in</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">these</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">groups.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">wheel</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">change</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">society</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">also</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">involves</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">some</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">inertia</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">vector</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">codes</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">customs.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">As</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">result</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">new</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">income</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">earned</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">by</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">some</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">married</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">some</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">husbands</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">tend</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">cut</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">down</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">on</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">financial</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">support</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">within</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">marriage.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">In</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">majority</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">cases</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">were</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">also</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">faced</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">heavier</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">burden,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">result</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">involvement</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHG.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Furthermore</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">do</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">not</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">always</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">maintain</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">control</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">over</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">loans.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">In</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">worse</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">cases,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">are</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">mere</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">intermediaries</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">between</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">bank</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">husbands.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">final</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">observation</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">was</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">this</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">new</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">access</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">micro-credit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">led</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">an</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">increase</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">domestic</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">violence</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">couples</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">where</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">were</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">involved</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHGs;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">this</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">symbol</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">resistance</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">change</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">society</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Appelnotedebasdep2"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="color: blue;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">process</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">empowerment</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">therefore</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">important</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">repercussions</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">on</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">society,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">it</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">undermines</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">codes</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">customs.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun;">Responses</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">perspectives:</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">SHGs</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">and</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">local</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">NGOs,</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">the</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">ASSEFA</span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">example<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">As</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">aware</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">these</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">issues</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Indian</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">society,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">micro-credit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">system,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">they</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">defend</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">holistic</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">approach</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">development,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">view</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">rectifying</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">these</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">paradigms.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Rather</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">than</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">consider</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">tools</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">guarantee</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">efficiency</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">micro-credit,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">micro-credit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">perceived</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">tool</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">support</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">improve</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">living</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">conditions.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">also</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">include</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">many</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">other</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">activities</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">such</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">milk</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">collection</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">for</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">five</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">plants</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">are</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">cooperatives</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">social</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">activities</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">like</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">collective</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">weddings</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">healthcare</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">funeral</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">mutual</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">funds.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">They</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">also</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">involve</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">schools</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">’ </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">management</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">access</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">civil</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">service</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">jobs,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">particularly</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Panchayats,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">grass-roots</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">political</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">unit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">India.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">By</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">supporting</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">SHGs,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">NGO</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">increases</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">openings</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">available</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">overall</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">holistic</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">approach</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">development</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">places</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">at</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">heart</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">development.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">play</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">key</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">role</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">all</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">activities</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">10,150</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">villages</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">involved.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">In</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">precise</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">case</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">micro-credit,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">solidarity</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">mutual</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">fund</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">added</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> “</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">group</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">pressure</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">” </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">help</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">repay</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">loans.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">Thus</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">linked</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">through</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> “</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">Trusts</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">” </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">they</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">own</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">financial</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">institutions.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">This</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">surely</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">explains</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">why</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">micro-credit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">performance</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">recognised</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">one</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">most</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">successful</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">there</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">is,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">repayment</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">rate</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">over</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">99%.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">Although</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">this</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">symbol</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">success</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">ASSEFA,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">it</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">only</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">represents</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">economic</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">dimension</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">equation.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">personal</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">history</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">Kala</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">one</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">thousands.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">It</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">story</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">how</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">small</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">steps</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">can</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">change</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">’</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">s</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">lives,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">become</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">giant</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">leaps.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Corpsdetexte21" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-language: #00FF;"><o:p><strong> </strong></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 14.15pt 6pt;">
<v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" id="_x0000_t202" o:spt="202" path="m,l,21600r21600,l21600,xe"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect">
</v:path></v:stroke></span></v:shapetype><v:shape fillcolor="#f96" id="_x0000_s1026" stroked="f" style="height: 168.9pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 229.7pt; margin-top: 105.1pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-left: 0; mso-wrap-distance-right: 0; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 235.95pt; z-index: 251656704;" type="#_x0000_t202"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">
<v:fill color2="#069">
<v:textbox inset="0,0,0,0">
</v:textbox></v:fill></span></v:shape><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<div>
<div class="basdepage-Ttre" style="margin: 5.65pt 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><em><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">About</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">
</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">this</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">
</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Newsletter<o:p></o:p></span></span></em></strong></div>
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">This</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Newsletter</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">published</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">French,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Englis</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">h,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Spanish</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Po</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">rtuguese.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">It</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">always</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">been</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">an</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">entirely</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">voluntary</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">effort,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ever</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">since</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">first</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Newsletter</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">was</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">published</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> in 2003. The editorial teams particularly wishes
to thank the following people for their commitment to translating and
revising the Newsletters<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Michel</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Colin</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(Brazil</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Paula</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Garuz</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Naval</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(Ireland)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Évéline</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Poirier</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(Canada)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Brunilda</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Rafael</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">(France)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"><o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">We</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">also</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">wish</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">thank</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">
Civil Policy Research Institute (CPRI) </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Seikatsu</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Club</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Japan,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">for</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">translations</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">into</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Japanese.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<w:wrap type="square">
<v:shape fillcolor="#f96" id="_x0000_s1027" stroked="f" style="height: 167.6pt; left: 0px; margin-left: -1.3pt; margin-top: 106.4pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-left: 0; mso-wrap-distance-right: 0; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 230.7pt; z-index: 251657728;" type="#_x0000_t202">
<v:fill color2="#069">
<v:textbox inset="0,0,0,0">
</v:textbox></v:fill></v:shape></w:wrap><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: transparent; border: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<div>
<div class="basdepage-Ttre" style="margin: 5.65pt 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><em><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></span></em></strong><br /></div>
<div class="basdepage" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="FR"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="basdepage" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br /></div>
<div class="basdepage" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="FR"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="basdepage" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="FR"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br /></div>
<div class="basdepage" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<w:wrap type="square">
</w:wrap><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 11.35pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: blue;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Spicy</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">pastries,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">typical</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">region<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 11.35pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: blue;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Women</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">’</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">s</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Self-help</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Group<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 11.35pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: blue;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">ASSEFA</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">an</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Indian</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">NGO</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">has</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">over</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">f</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">orty</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">years</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">’ </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">experience.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">It</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">based</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Tamil</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Nadu.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">In</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">order</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">defend</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">holistic</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">sustainable</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">development</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">they</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">have</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">diversified</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">extended</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">action</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">several</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">other</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">states,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">working</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">women,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">children</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">communities.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">organisation</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">committed</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">work</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">for</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">« the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">good</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">all »</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(Saryodaya),</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">for</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">sustainable</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">development</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">people</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">he</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">key</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">actors</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">(Swadeshi).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">I</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">was</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">fortunate</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">have</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">spent</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">five</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">months</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">this</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">organisation</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">have</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">followed</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">all</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">their</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">activities,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">particularly</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">those</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">involving</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">self-help</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">groups.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 11.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>*Association</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">for</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Sarva</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Seva</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">farm.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">From</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">Sanskrit</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> “</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">sarva</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">”</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">all;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> “</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">seva</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">”</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;">service.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: .5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 11.35pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: blue;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Amartya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Sen</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">defines</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">term</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">agent</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">as</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">following</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">goals</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">objectives</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">that</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">people</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">are</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">right</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">follow.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">In</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">India,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">history,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">culture</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">and</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">identity,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">A.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Sen<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 11.35pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: blue;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Sarvodaya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">(from</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Sanskrit,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> “</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">sarva </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">“</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">all;</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> “</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">udaya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">”</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">:</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">prosperity)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 11.35pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: blue;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>D.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Adam</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">speaks</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">about</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> “</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">industry</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">micro-debts</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">” </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">qualifying</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">self-help</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">groups.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Mayoux</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">questions</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">possibility</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">growth</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">from</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">micro-enterprises.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Scully</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Dawkins</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">questions</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">focus</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">on</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">micro-enterprise</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">detriment</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">required</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">structural</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">reforms<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 11.35pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: blue;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">repayment</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">rate</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">of</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">loans</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">in</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">SHGs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">is</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">over</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">90%.</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 14.15pt 11.35pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: blue;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Quoted</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">above...<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="color: blue;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">An</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">annual</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">increase</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10%</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">domestic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">violence</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">was</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">observed</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">households</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">women</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">SHGs.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> “</span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Can</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">micro-finance</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">empower</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">women:</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Self-help</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">groups</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">in</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">India</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">” </span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">by</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ranjula</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Swain<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-87506413540964833912012-09-30T03:24:00.003-07:002012-09-30T03:24:58.961-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">International Newsletter on Sustainable Local
Development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Newsletter</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">#92<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">1<sup>st</sup> October 2012<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The Resilience Imperative : Cooperative
Transitions to a Steady-State Economy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Book review<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Message from the editorial team<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Ever since we began publishing our
newsletters in 2003, we have presented various examples of grassroots
organisations. They are mainly structured according to the principles of social
solidarity economy. Their activities are aimed at improving their own lives
through job-creation, food production, providing housing and ensuring all their
basic needs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Most, if not all of the examples in this
book by Michael Lewis and Pat Conaty demonstrate solidarity between people and
various organisations in the same geographical area. In most cases, the
activities are developed to meet the needs of disadvantaged groups, as in the
case of access to housing for low-income families. Even if the book does not
include many examples from countries of the South, we know from various
examples in articles we have published in this newsletter that the approach is
the same. Our newsletter has illustrated many examples of this kind, such as
ASSEFA in India (#60), cooperatives in Mozambique (#19), forestry users in
Nepal (#17), and even solidarity economy in rural districts of China (#81). We
have also illustrated the way in which grassroots organisations in different
countries come together to share information, support one another and jointly
carry out advocacy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">We know the two authors of the book we are
reviewing in this issue, and they have used examples to systematically
illustrate these and other examples, in order to demonstrate that it is
possible to live differently without seeking to achieve growth at all costs, or
destroying the ecosystems of our planet. Not to mention the accelerated
depletion of the earth’s resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The book enables us to get a glimpse of a
different way of life, based on things that already exist, of what the authors
call “a steady-state economy” that would be more respectful of all human
beings, who take the future into their own hands and organise in all regions of
the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Judith</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Yvon</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Martine</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Theveniaut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The Resilience Imperative: Cooperative Transitions to a Steady-State
Economy <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Book review<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">by Yvon Poirier</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRu8KSrq1K7jdIbQ85eHLOzCvWKZ_7zg0ezmlLI27eTHgY4vSlBTtvLL-BBLrYxslviJD8sjWHJt2Uqe-keHi5QJAb6deZ6D4e3Gpl-e2oDQ7nhOykKCuS0tPD6C39lm15GBO0/s1600/Resilience+imperative.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRu8KSrq1K7jdIbQ85eHLOzCvWKZ_7zg0ezmlLI27eTHgY4vSlBTtvLL-BBLrYxslviJD8sjWHJt2Uqe-keHi5QJAb6deZ6D4e3Gpl-e2oDQ7nhOykKCuS0tPD6C39lm15GBO0/s320/Resilience+imperative.jpeg" width="213" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The two authors of the book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Resilience Imperative: Cooperative
Transitions to a Steady-State Economy</i>, Michael Lewis from Canada and Pat
Conaty from the UK have achieved the masterpiece of analysing the current
socio-economic situation and demonstrating from existing alternative practice
that we have all we need to switch to a more respectful community-based human
society, one that also respects the planet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">On the basis of existing case studies,
they clearly demonstrate that the current growth-based development model is not
so much the fruit of the capitalist model per se, but rather the result of the
use of almost-free energy based on oil. As they illustrate in an allegory, it
is as though we had found a hidden treasure buried in the basement of our house.
At least in the case of part of the world’s population, we help ourselves to it
and spend recklessly. We have therefore used up the planet’s resources at
breakneck speed; this is true for the natural resources, water, the oceans, as
well as land and all the ecosystems. In less than 2 or 3 generations the impact
has been greater than all human activity combined since the start of life as we
know it. The capitalist system as it exists today, particularly in its
neo-liberal form, accentuates this frenetic race of consumption and
dilapidation of resources and is taking us to the brink.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Yet scientific studies have undeniably
proven that not only is this not a viable model, but the very future of life
itself will be considerably disrupted by factors including climate change, -
something that is now almost inevitable – unless we make rapid major changes.
In this respect, we like a quotation by Kenneth Boulding, taken from the book.
Having explained that we are living in a world of finite and not infinite resources,
he declares “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anyone who believes that
economic growth can go on forever is either madman or an economist!</i>”. We
apologise to the “real” economists who obviously know that this is dogmatic,
and based on ideology and that it has no scientific basis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Alternatives exist</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The authors explain that there is nothing
new about the awareness that we need to adopt a lifestyle that is more
respectful of humankind and life. In the 18th and 19th centuries many actors
proposed different visions, often qualified as Utopian or idealistic, but that
often led to genuine alternatives. Robert Owen, for example is said to have
inspired the first cooperative in Rochdale in 1844.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">With the economic crises, the
ever-increasing gap between the rich and the poor, the unemployment of the last
30 or 40 years, people have become aware that it was necessary to create
organisations that respect human values and sustainable development. The
authors present many success stories to illustrate this, such as:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The Seikatsu Club Cooperative Union in Japan. Founded in 1968 by
women, it now brings together 32 cooperatives with 350,000 members who buy
basic food supplies direct from producers.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Community Land Trusts in the United States and the United Kingdom
that remove land from property speculation, make housing accessible to
“ordinary folks”. The one in Champlain, Vermont, in the United States is a
pioneer in this regard. It has enabled the creation of 2,200 affordable
homes. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Italian solidarity cooperatives provide social services to communities
including disadvantaged people in their salaried workforce.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The Mondragon group of cooperatives in Spanish Basque country
belongs to its 70,000 workers. Over and above the industrial production
the group includes a credit union, schools as well as research and
development activities. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Various financial cooperatives and credit unions that have not,
generally speaking been affected by the 2008 crisis, or at least not very
much. The authors mention the network of 220 community credit unions
savings banks in the United States that are active in the disadvantaged
communities around the country. Mortgages were healthy and they have lost
little in spite of the increase in unemployment within these communities.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The authors illustrate their ideas with
many other examples. Nevertheless the examples mentioned above allow us to
understand that by fighting against the forces that are perpetuating the
dominant model, how it is possible to live differently. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">These activities, as the title indicates,
are more resilient, as they are based on the involvement of people and
communities. They are also more resilient for the planet, as they show how it
is possible to live in a more balanced world that does not depend on the
unreasonable exploitation of the planet’s resources. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Canadian Center for Community Renewal-Centre
canadien de renouveau communautaire (EN+FR)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://communityrenewal.ca/resilience-imperative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">New Economics Foundation
(EN)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.neweconomics.org/<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">About the Newsletter<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">This Newsletter is
published in French, English, Spanish and Portuguese, It has been produced on a
totally voluntary basis since the first issue in 2003. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The Editorial team wishes
to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation and
revision: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Michel Colin (Brazil)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Paula Garuz Naval
(Ireland)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Évéline Poirier (Canada)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Brunilda Rafael (France)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">We also wish to thank the
Civil Policy Research Institute (CPRI) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the
Japanese translation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Our Newsletters are
available on the WEB:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://local-development.blogspot.com/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">www.apreis.org/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">To contact us (for
information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: FR-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Yvon Poirier
ypoirier@videotron.ca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-36417059910175387412012-09-01T09:02:00.002-07:002012-09-01T09:02:57.540-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">International Newsletter of Sustainable Local Development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Newsletter #91<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">September 1st 2012<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Community Economic Development (CED) in Canada<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Message</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">from the Editorial Team</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">At the request of COMMACT India, Yvon
shares how he introduced the Canadian Community Economic Development Network
(CCEDNet) to this group and gives an overview of its international activities.
Keenly involved in the international activities of the network since 2002 and
Chairman of the International Committee of the network since 2007, Yvon
explains some of his actions in Asia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The article was first published in
the last August 15th COMMACT India Newsletter. It is a follow-up </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">to</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> talks which took place during the
Kochi meeting in March 2012 (see Newsletter # 87).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Community Economic Development (CED)
appeared in North America before the concept of social solidarity economy
(SSE). The</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">re are many similarities</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">, but </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">also</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> a significant nuance. The concept of "community"
as used in North America and Asia clearly i</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">mplies</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> the local community</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">leadership</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">, wh</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">ereas</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> SSE </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">emphasizes</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> the collective initiative</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"> to a greater extent</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">We have published our newsletter
since 2003. One important reason </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">why</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> we do so is precisely to demonstrate the various
approaches that p</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">lace</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">people's</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> needs and those of the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"> whole</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> planet at the heart of daily
concerns, even if they are often</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">
designated by different names for circumstantial or historical reasons. </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Judith Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Yvon Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Martine Theveniaut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Community Economic Development (CED) in Canada</span></b></div>
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx55etZA8sfAxX-D-9btHEJvfh0y52zlsv6UTabuuUe0_dtCYMlkKwRarvLnMhGD1NWNou0dlwCNQpYWukR_En-S5SIf_aS9pGf-n1mrOrm-oz3Mr1xDEWu-ss6PeQyd_MJ4PV/s1600/CCED.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx55etZA8sfAxX-D-9btHEJvfh0y52zlsv6UTabuuUe0_dtCYMlkKwRarvLnMhGD1NWNou0dlwCNQpYWukR_En-S5SIf_aS9pGf-n1mrOrm-oz3Mr1xDEWu-ss6PeQyd_MJ4PV/s1600/CCED.jpg" /></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></b></div>
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></b> </div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></b> </div>
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></b> </div>
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></b> </div>
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">By Yvon Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Chair: Canadian CED Network International Committee<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">As in India and in most countries in
the world, many communities face social and economic challenges. And in many
cases, these challenges have increased in recent decades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Increasing gaps between rich and poor
countries, and within countries, are a worldwide phenomenon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In all countries, people organise to survive
and improve their livelihoods through different approaches such as community
organisations, collectively-owned businesses such as co-operatives and similar
initiatives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in most countries,
these organisations network to improve their work, and to advocate for better
policies and programs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">In most parts of North America, over
the last 30 years or so, efforts to revitalize urban communities with high
concentrations of poverty, to support the empowerment of First Nations
(aboriginal) communities, or to save small towns and villages from
devitalisation, popped up all over. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">In Canada, people involved in this
work gradually felt the need to get together to share knowledge, engage in
joint advocacy and push for better policies and programs at local, provincial
or federal government levels. This led to the creation of the The Canadian
Community Economic Development Network in 1999. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The vision and mission statements
clearly demonstrate the focus of the organisation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Our Vision:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The Canadian Community Economic Development Network believes
in sustainable and inclusive communities directing their own social, economic
and environmental futures.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Our Mission:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">We are a member-led organization committed to strengthening
communities by creating economic opportunities that improve environmental and
social conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We bring people and
organizations together to share knowledge and build a collective voice for CED
action. Our members are part of a movement creating community-based solutions
to local and global challenges.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">International<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Ever since its inception, CCEDNet has
recognized the importance of including an international perspective in its
work. We recognize that communities are affected by what happens in the global
arena. Delocalisation of manufacturing to countries with lower wages, economic
crises of different types (such as we are currently experiencing) affect,
mostly negatively, many communities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The present style of globalisation,
aptly named neoliberal, has clearly showed its limits to abolish poverty or
assure sustainable livelihoods for all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even worse, present trends increase global warming which wreak havoc in
many places.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">This is why CCEDNet has increased
ties and networks with many organisations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">In particular, CCEDNet has been
actively involved in the International Network for the Promotion of the Social
Solidarity Economy (RIPESS) since 2002. CCEDNet has also developed relations
with COMMACT since the Liverpool conference in 2004.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Besides acting as Chair of CCEDNet’s
International Committee, I have devoted a lot of effort to build ties in Asia
for the promotion of a more people-centered development. This came about after
realising that the Social and Solidarity Economy movement, even if developing
rapidly in South America, and in French speaking countries, was practically
unknown in other parts of the world, and even more so in Asia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The outreach has probably helped a
bit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2005, there were only a few
participants from Asia at the 3rd RIPESS meeting in Dakar (Senegal). Eight
years later, in 2013, the 5th RIPESS meeting will be held in Asia (Manila in
October next year).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">These are important steps. But,
considering the challenges facing us all, we will need to continue, day by day,
to build a people-centered economy, from the local community to the global
community. There is no other way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">CCEDNet http://www.ccednet-rcdec.ca <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">RIPESS http://www.ripess.org <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">COMMACT <a href="http://commact.com/"><span style="color: blue;">http://commact.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">About the Newsletter<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">This Newsletter is published in
French, English, Spanish and Portuguese, It has been produced on a totally
voluntary basis since the first issue in 2003. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The Editorial team wishes to thank
the following volunteers for their support in translation and revision: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Michel Colin (Brazil)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Évéline Poirier (Canada)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Brunilda Rafael (France)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">We also wish to thank the Civil
Policy Research Institute (CPRI) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the Japanese
translation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Our Newsletters are available on the
WEB:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://local-development.blogspot.com/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">www.apreis.org/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">To contact us (for information,
feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.ca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-12096685247084477712012-07-23T08:00:00.000-07:002012-07-23T08:00:23.145-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">International Newsletter of Sustainable Local Development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Newsletter #90<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">July 20th 2012<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Rio+20: Progress or procrastination?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">« RIO+20 extended » : On June 20th 2012, three hours of
dialogue between members of civil society showcased the users expertise of
practicians.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Message</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">from the Editorial Team</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">As announced, this issue is fully
dedicated to reports on Rio+20. Judith was present at the Rio meetings in
Brazil, and writes of the progress she observed since the Earth Summit of 1992,
particularly that of the last ten years, in terms of the progress of a social
movement that is the only path forward to building more ecologically viable
ways of living and influencing national decisions from local to global levels,
as well as involving regional and national actors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Martine, on the other hand, who is a
member of the French Rio+20 Collective reports on 6 local meetings in France
that were held with video link-up to Rio de Janeiro during the RIO+20
Conference. These meetings testify to the importance of local appropriation of
the global stakes to act on daily life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">In a nutshell, we could say that the
organisation of international relations has been stagnating or even moving
backward since 1992. The current model suffers from a lack of governance of our
planet and of capitalism is aggravating the impacts on the biosphere.
Nevertheless many steps forward have been accomplished in the last 20 years,
both in terms of building alternatives (clean energies, sustainable local
production and consumption, solidarity of various kinds) and linking alliances
and coalitions to reach a level that will allow a change of paradigm to be
forcefully imposed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">There is one question that needs to
be answered if we are to take that step: how can we connect all the progress
made in major internatonal meetings where we stand up and are counted, and
measure the progress of alternative paradigms with the progress of
practitioners and communities, so that they can formalise their progress on the
basis of the results that they have achieved and scale up more general
solutions, that serve as a general reference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<u><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Next issue: September 1<sup>st</sup><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Judith</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Yvon</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Poirier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Martine</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Theveniaut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Rio+20: Progress or procrastination<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">By Judith Hitchman<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Innate optimism and hope are a
fundamental part of the activist mindset, even when you are aware that the
situation is heavily weighted against success.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And having spent the 6 weeks prior to Rio+20 translating Pierre
Radanne’s excellent analysis of the process and potential outcomes, I like most
others was sceptical as to what could be achieved through the official channels
of the UN Summit. The ground rule of achieving consensus has long meant that
any truly enlightened forward-thinking policy has failed abysmally to be
adopted, and the proposals on the table were progressively voided of all
potential to address the climate change issues as the negotiations progressed
in the run-up to the event.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">But after two long weeks in Rio, I
have come away with a feeling of some optimism. Let me explain why.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">As most readers probably know, there
were two parallel meetings in Rio: the official Rio+20 UN Conference that was
held in the outskirts of Rio, and the People’s Summit that took place in the
centre of town, in Flamengo Park. There was also an interface between the two,
through the civil society “major groups” and lobbies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Since the first Rio Conference on
climate change in 1992, the UN institutions have failed to make much if any
progress on this crucial issue. And indeed this conference has produced an
agreement that not only fails to show much progress, but is even a
regression.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">But these same twenty years have seen
the progressive rise and empowerment of civil society, operating in an
increasingly complex organised matrix of sectoral and territorial levels, from
local to global. This movement includes the World Social Forum and its thematic
axes as well as the more recent Occupy movement. It also includes an
increasingly strong element of inter-related and organised social movements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The issues of the current global
crisis of our civilisation and that of climate change came together in the
People’s Summit in a new and meaningful way, with the real solutions being put
forward in a more coherent whole than ever before. My early concerns during the
week were how and whether the trend that has emerged through the Social Fora of
Converging Assemblies would succeed in providing an overall credible unity of
action to continue: there are so many specific cases and causes involved… But
as the days progressed, and the atmosphere in Rio Centro, where the official
forum was taking place became ever more depressed and depressing, the
atmosphere in Flamengo was electric and high in energy of a kind that I have
not experienced for many years… Yes, there is a desire to overcome internal
differences and take our destiny in our own hands to act….<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The obvious paths that have emerged
are those of the local rights-based inter-connected actions to impact our
societies where we live, and transition to more sustainable societies at all
levels. These are no longer isolated projects, but a more aware global
movement. It includes all the key sectors: agriculture, through agro-ecology
small-scale family farming and Community Supported Agriculture coupled with the
defence of traditional seeds and plants against patents and biopiracy, land
reform and the massive defence of the Commons, alternative economic solutions
carried forward by the different dimensions of solidarity economy (largely
thanks to the Brazilian Forum for Solidarity Economy), no longer a solution to
“fix what is broken” but to provide people-centred genuine alternatives… The
Via Campesina and Brazilian Landless People’s Movement (MST) were amazingly
present, as were the World March of Women, the Trade Unions and many smaller
organisations that defend the Commons and people’s social rights. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">In passing, it is worth mentioning
that the RIPESS (Intercontinental Network for the Promotion of the Social
Solidarity Economy) Board with whom I was participating in Rio had an excellent
and fruitful meeting with the new French Minister for Solidarity Economy. He
clearly stated that his ministry is part of Bercy (the site of the Ministry for
Economy), and not just an add-on. He perceives the sector as having shown the
best resistance to the current crisis, and therefore worthy of greater
investment and support. An alliance with those other countries that have
ministries for Solidarity Economy, like Ecuador and Brazil is in the air…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The culmination of the People’s
Summit was an 80,000 person-strong loud but peaceful march through the streets
of Rio… I believe it was the biggest demonstration in which I have ever taken
part. And the many excellent declarations carried forward to the UN Secretary
General and the world at large.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZGNCIfyVoR0/UA1m4qtSaGI/AAAAAAAAARw/sjR6BUfw3ec/s1600/581961_195342657258981_806611935_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZGNCIfyVoR0/UA1m4qtSaGI/AAAAAAAAARw/sjR6BUfw3ec/s320/581961_195342657258981_806611935_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Yes, the greed of neo-liberal
interests is influencing countries such as the United States, Canada and
Australia to veto all binding progressive agreements that could oblige society
to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and growth-oriented production. Yes, the
developing BRIC countries (Brazil, India and China) are arguing forcibly in
favour of their right to develop along similar lines to those countries that
have done so in the past. But I feel that we must not underestimate the
combined power and determination of civil society as organised in social
movements to take things matters into their own hands and act at joined-up
local level, and to bring bottom-up pressure to bear on governments, as well as
to lobby top-down through the relevant institutions to take the required measures
to change our society before it is too late. These changes will need to address
all dimensions of society: not only the energy issue, but also modes of
production and consumption, social issues and human rights. We need to learn to
change our collective approach to how we live in society. And the values of the
various social movements present at the People’s Summit carry a very clear and
determined message. Never has such a coherent message been delivered
collectively by civil society to the governments of the world and UN
institutions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">RIPESS Declaration (EN-FR-SP)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">www.ripess.org<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Analysis of Rio+20 by Pierre Radanne (FR + EN)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.association4d.org/article.php3?id_article=697<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Peoples Sustainability Treaties (EN)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://sustainabilitytreaties.org/process/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Peoples Summit (EN-FR-ES-PT)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://rio20.net/RIPESS Declaration
(EN-FR-SP)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">« RIO+20
extended » : On June 20th 2012, three hours of dialogue between members of
civil society showcased the users expertise of practicians.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">by Martine Theveniaut<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The Objective of the Meeting<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The
project of Rio+20 extended is to build relationships between “here and “there”:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Here refers to the territories where we
live in France, and indeed in Europe - a community of shared destiny and of
political citizenship; there are the long-distance relationships that translate
our global citizenship into the future”<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: FR-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">[1]</span></b></span></span></a></span>. <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The
European P’Actes, who are members of the Rio+20 Collective organised a meeting
in France on June 20th, called “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acts and
projects for territorial anchoring and democratic participation in sustainable
development”,</i> using communication technology and freeware. Five territories
in five different regions of France took part, with horizontal exchange between
peers. A sixth region, Brittany, connected to the Rio State Pavillion in the
Athletes Park and hosted a delegation of youth from the Ligue de
l’Enseignement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Why
focus on user’s expertise? Because practitioners’ opinions are rarely heard,
and in the multitude of voices, the Local is fundamentally observed from on
high. And if the Local and the global are indeed interdependant, it is at local
level that things are happening : they are both highly complex... and very
concrete! The event planned to demonstrate how citizen-actors (inhabitants,
associations, elected representatives, entrepreneurs, trade unionists and
researchers) are all collectively involved on a daily basis in various field
actions that have generated concrete results, trust, and users’ expertise. This
intellectual capital can be multipled and shared; by learning to cooperate they
are the prefiguration of paths towards a democratic transition at social,
economic and ecological levels.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Organisation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">In
all of the places connected via on-line link-up,, the promoters brought their
partners together as well as hosting guests and mobilised the press. The
meetings were held in three sequences:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="Listecouleur-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The
levers of local management of resources<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Listecouleur-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">How
to structure an open territorial economy (market economy, public services,
third sector, voluntary support)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Listecouleur-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">How
democratic answers are organised<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Listecouleur-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The
presentations illustrated the approach and results, without hiding the
challenges, so that lessons could be learned for the future. Issues of
transition were included via renewable energies, land, food, employment and networking
methods.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Two
cross-cutting questions structured the discussions: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">What
participation in the territorial management of daily issues?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">What
governance at multiple levels?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The
objective was to help solutions to be disseminated at a more general level in
France, Europe and in the post-Rio period. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Main
conclusions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The global dimensions:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="Listecouleur-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">There
are a considerable number of problems, the number of unemployed is huge. This
is a subject of great debate, as everyone is singing from their own song-sheet,
and trying to develop their own growth potential. Reconciling democracy and
environment means confronting serious risks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Listecouleur-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Recognition
of territorial space is one of the keys to the solution to get things to change
in the world. For neither States not the multnationals by themselves are in a
position to define balanced relationships, much less implement them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Listecouleur-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Bottom-up solutions:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="Listecouleur-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">Solidarity
means refusing what is unacceptable – both here and there – looking one another
straight in the eye. It implies organising resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Listecouleur-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">It’s
not so much the volume as the networking that produces results and helps us to
grow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Listecouleur-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">An
economy that includes different models and local development are the vectors of
change: radical experiments, territory-to-territory cooperation that allows
people to learn by doing and make suggestions that are based on examples that
have proven effective.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Listecouleur-Accent11" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The
time has come to link actions together, and expand... with the aim of
developing our solutions, to dare implement bigger projects to change the
course of events...and build Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The method:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The
horizontal organisation of distance communication is relevant to allow citizens
who are engaged in actions to share a joint international agenda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">The
approach stmulates the awareness of interdependence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">It
underlines the fact that success is singular and based on context, resources
and the will to get along with other actors and to jointly look for solutions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif";">It
can be used to establish a structured dialogue around objectives, as well as
make contact with many different partners working on projects in the same
place, and thus reconstitute an intersectoral response in a non-hierarchical
manner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">About the Newsletter<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">This Newsletter is published in
French, English, Spanish and Portuguese, It has been produced on a totally
voluntary basis since the first issue in 2003. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">The Editorial team wishes to thank
the following volunteers for their support in translation and revision: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Michel Colin (Brazil)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Évéline Poirier (Canada)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Brunilda Rafael (France)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">We also wish to thank the Civil
Policy Research Institute (CPRI) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the Japanese
translation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Our Newsletters are available on the
WEB:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://local-development.blogspot.com/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">www.apreis.org/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;">To contact us (for information,
feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="WW-Standard" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.ca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=21766963#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="X-NONE"> http://collectif-france.rio20.net/se-mobiliser-dans-rio20-etendu/</span><span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-40832248214621571182012-06-01T07:50:00.001-07:002012-06-01T08:04:12.317-07:00<b>International Newsletter of Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #89<br />
June 1st 2012<br />
<br />
Summary<br />
Instill new political ambition in the change we want from Rio+20!<br />
<br />
Message from the Editorial Team</b><br />
<br />
We are dedicating this issue of our Newsletter to the preparation of the international Conference of Rio + 20. It is the last issue before the Conference takes place, from the 20th -22nd of June 2012. For a whole week, Rio de Janeiro will provide the public space for exchange and confrontation of different points of view, interests and cultures. This innovative process of democratic mobilisation will see the coexistence of an international Conference that brings together leaders from across the planet, which will take place in the outskirts of the city, whereas the Peoples’ Summit will take place from the 15th-23rd of June 2012 in the town centre, and will bring together social movements and civil society. There will be some « small bridges » between the two events to enable dialogue to occur. Local Authorities will be meeting for a Global Town Hall. The world’s media will all be present.<br />
<br />
The influence of multinational corporations and company lobbies can be increasingly felt within the UN, just as in the countries themselves. States are reduced to implementing short-term policies, in their fear of shifts in existing economic hegemonies, and are demonstrating little desire to regulate the economy in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Agreements that have already been signed, such as that on water, are being questioned. There is every reason to fear that there may even be regression on certain fundamental subjects. Coalitions are built to counter positions rather than to work towards solutions, and succeed in formalising them as commitments! Civil society organisations everywhere in the world are mobilising to make this global meeting a point of departure for the transition to a world of greater justice, well-being for humankind, and renewed trust in the institutions … and an exit from the crises.<br />
<br />
We would like to draw your attention to the European Call by civil society of the French RIO+20 Collective. We share the aims of this call, which are to « to raise issues of general interest to the level of all humankind ». The priority of our editorial team is to communicate initiatives of inhabitants and communities, who take on the responsibility for finding solutions to the problems facing them in their daily lives and their future. Therefore we support the statement that « new paths of development can only be built if citizens’ society uses its hands-on experience to include it in devising strategies and if conflicts of interest are recognised in a fully transparent manner ».<br />
<br />
We join Martine, as representative of the European P’Actes in the Collective, in inviting you to discover the key aspects of the Call.<br />
Site of the official UN Conference: www.uncsd2012.org/rio20<br />
Site of the People’s Summit: www.cupuladospovos.net<br />
Site for the Global Town Hall: http://local2012.iclei.org<br />
<br />
<b>Our next Newsletter will be published on July 20th. The main subject will be Rio+20<br />
</b><br />
Judith Hitchman<br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<b><br />
Instill new political ambition in the change we want from Rio+20! <br />
<br />
Introductory note written by Martine Théveniaut</b><br />
<br />
The French RIO+20 Collective has brought over forty civil society organisations together since 2010. It includes NGOs involved in international solidarity, environment, trade unions, etc. The members have been working together on a voluntary basis on two dimensions: expertise and mobilisation. The expertise group decided to create an open space for discussion and achieve consensus to argue and strengthen their work on innovative proposals to States, the European Union and international organisations of international civil society. The mobilisation group has been working on trying to bring together all those who want to see a decisive movement for change that reaches beyond 2012, in order to achieve collective, responsible governance of our planet and clearly laid out commitments with a time-line. In April, they launched a European Call aiming to gather as many signatures as possible by organisations and networks.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrKUj-uSiG5xh86BFvhHa37UWVDgUfBnjKyVoOuOStyrh2qShKm-Pb4rSOL1QU17VDbc4aslgJUFlgxwfWbONDfegJ1X0xnYwb7_ab8hLRC6NODj8tvXu5kJ11UpdiGWPDjASK/s1600/logo_collectif3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="60" width="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrKUj-uSiG5xh86BFvhHa37UWVDgUfBnjKyVoOuOStyrh2qShKm-Pb4rSOL1QU17VDbc4aslgJUFlgxwfWbONDfegJ1X0xnYwb7_ab8hLRC6NODj8tvXu5kJ11UpdiGWPDjASK/s400/logo_collectif3.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Excerpt from the Call on European civil societies:</b><br />
<br />
(English translation by the RIO+20 Collective)<br />
<br />
<i><b>Guarantee the right to food, water and development</b>: The green economy concept put forward in Rio would be inadmissible if the investment is recommended subject to a unique approach by the market. Access to services and essential goods asserts the primacy of the citizen on the economic and the need for financial, economic and legal regulation.<br />
<br />
<b>Recognize the existence of a plurality of development patterns:</b> stop the social marginalization and increase investment in basic services people need. The use of renewable energy, agro¬forestry practices, simple techniques for collecting, storing and distributing water, are all relevant approaches for 1.8 billion small farmers.<br />
<br />
<b>Reaffirm the existence of the commons</b>, whether natural environments, immaterial technological or cultural goods; recognize users’ expertise and encourage local management; protect them, limit their financialization; redefine the relationship between humanity and nature; stop speculating on the conditions necessary to good life.<br />
<br />
<b>Open new paths for ecological and social transition of all our societies: </b>put the public interest first; take into account the constraint on consumption of resources in the search for a new model of social organization. From this perspective, strong social and territorial integration is necessary to find other ways of satisfaction than overconsumption.<br />
<br />
<b>Build a universal common core of social protection:</b> recognize the value of working, accompany the training time, and secure career paths open to quality jobs across the planet. Social dumping must stop. A fair transition can only be opened if the players face their responsibility.<br />
Recognize civil society: give it its rightful place in the negotiation and decision-making process on public policies and their local implementation. New paths of development can be built only if the civic society, with its expertise in use, is included in upstream strategies and if conflicts of interest are recognized in full transparency.<br />
</i><br />
To sign the Call (FR)<br />
http://collectif-france.rio20.net/signez-lappel-europeen/<br />
<br />
<b>About the Newsletter</b><br />
<br />
This Newsletter is published in French, English, Spanish and Portuguese, It has been produced on a totally voluntary basis since the first issue in 2003. <br />
<br />
The Editorial team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation and revision: <br />
Michel Colin (Brazil)<br />
Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada)<br />
Brunilda Rafael (France)<br />
<br />
We also wish to thank the Civil Policy Research Institute(CPRI) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the Japanese translation.<br />
Our Newsletters are available on the WEB:<br />
http://local-development.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
<br />
To contact us (for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-6927824003664286512012-05-02T06:36:00.000-07:002012-05-02T06:36:04.550-07:00<b>International Newsletter of Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #88<br />
May 1st 2012<br />
<br />
Summary<br />
<br />
Local languages: a genuine tool to support sustainable agricultural practice<br />
<br />
Message from the Editorial Team</b><br />
<br />
Globalisation is a fact of life, whether we like it or not. It brings the positive dimension of cross-cultural exchange, sharing of knowledge between peoples of our planet, and new forms of solidarity. Awareness is rising that we are all part of humanity and that we have only one planet with finite resources. But economic globalisation has no respect for anything. What we call neo-liberalism is responsible for the various crises: financial, economic, political, environmental and social. The cumulative negative impacts have now been clearly identified.<br />
<br />
One of the negative impacts of globalisation is the result of the wars in which colonialists conquered and dominated the world in recent centuries. They imposed their languages, their cultural references, and all too often, their own religions, destroying much of the world’s language and cultural diversity. Every year, more languages are lost forever! The new forms of « conquest » are those of the mainstream mass cultural media, aimed at « profitability ». They rewrite history, disfigure reality, format people to a mass culture from early childhood. Just one example to illustrate this point: What connection can be made been Walt Disney’s Pocahontas and the reality of the culture shock imposed on Native Americans in the 18th and 19th centuries?<br />
<br />
Yet resistance and organised solutions are increasing, often through local endogenous development. At this point local populations throughout the world are re-appropriating their own cultures, and doing so with pride. Language and culture are living entities and as such, they develop, and reproduce, as much as any other form of life on our planet. Values, myths as well as traditional cultural and agricultural techniques that are appropriate for local resources are a relevant means of re-appropriation. Also many languages and cultures are becoming vectors for their own development. Local languages that were so decried by the colonisers can become genuinely powerful tools of sustainable local development.<br />
<br />
In this issue, Judith illustrates this through the example of the African Institute for Food and Sustainable Development (IAD, l’Institut Africain de l’Alimentation et du Développement durable) in Mali, and tells how they help women Bambara-speaking farmers to enrich their language and learn the scientific aspects in their own language rather than use that of the colonisers (in this case, French). Local cultures testify to the vitality of these women, and what they can do when they make up their minds to do it. They are yet another proof of the fact that diversity is the true foundation of the universality of humankind.<br />
<br />
We can stop mass culture! We have reached the end of an era of five centuries of domination. Holistic development of communities is rebuilding local social capital to enable life to continue. This renewal, should it succeed in linking pride in our different inherited cultures with open-mindedness (rather than the walls we so often see that are built to keep the neighbours out of our back yards), will help rebuild solidarity based on natural and cultural biodiversity in an interdependent world.<br />
<br />
Judith Hitchman<br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<b>Local languages: a genuine tool to support sustainable agricultural practice<br />
<br />
By Judith Hitchman</b><br />
<br />
One aspect of colonialism that is often overlooked is the way in which indigenous languages were marginalised and supplanted by the three languages that dominate most of the planet, even today, English, French and Spanish. In some cases, such as in Ireland, there was a period of history when people caught speaking the native language were condemned to capital punishment! <br />
<br />
This article is essentially about the way in which local languages in Africa can also become a powerful tool of empowerment, and how the dedicated work of organisations can help to build the linguistic tools of sustainable local development in communities that have often been neglected, in this case in Bambara in Mali, and with women farmers, many of them illiterate.<br />
<br />
Bambara is one of the main languages spoken in Mali, along with Peul and Mandingue. But the official language used in formal education is still French. This means that as in many other African countries, unless a person has attended secondary school, that their command of the dominant language (English, French or Portuguese, depending on which power had colonised the land) can often be quite limited. It is also one of the reasons for having introduced the “blanket” language of Kiswahili in several States in East Africa, as it enables better communication between peoples, although education is still in English in East Africa. In many African countries, including Mali, women have traditionally been particularly penalised, and young girls are often pulled out of education earlier than boys at the end of primary school if not before, to take up the traditional tasks of farming, fetching water from the well, cooking and other household tasks. <br />
One aspect in today’s technological world is that science and so-called scientific truth is used to foist many unacceptable choices such as land-grabbing and GMO seeds on small-scale illiterate farmers. But this story is about how a group of women farmers in Mali have been so empowered that they are able to speak to scientists, development NGOs and politicians alike, and more than hold their own in any discussion. It is a story of how the missing link of local language development can contribute to enabling traditional knowledge to be more valued and recognised by scientists.<br />
<br />
Assetou Samaké founded the Institut Africain de l’Alimentation et du Developpement Durable, IAD in 2009. There are five members of staff, two of whom are educational scientists, specialised in developing curricula in Bambara, one specialist in environmental education and children’s recreational activities, one botanist, whose specialisation is the genetics of plants, as well as a technician who specialises in rice growing. The Institute has developed a number of strategic partnerships, including with N’ko, an association for the defence of local languages and promotion of culture, the Association of Professional Peasant farmers’ Organisations (AOPP, the Association des Organisations Professionnelles Paysannes), the coalition for the protection of African genetic heritage, and the University of Bamako, in order to develop national languages as a tool and support for learning. This work in turn helps to build understanding and share knowledge between different people working in a given field (such as agriculture). The overall objective is to build scientific communication in local languages.<br />
<br />
<b>The missing link.</b><br />
<br />
IAD developed a pedagogical method of an active university-based pedagogy applied to the rural farming communities. It involves both university lecturers/researchers and farmers getting together on specific subjects and sharing their knowledge, learning from one another, as well as building solutions that are acceptable to both. It is this approach that has enabled them to measure the huge gap that exists between university lecturers and research scientists in Mali, who speak both Bambara and French, and rural communities where Bambara is the only language spoken. Although both communities have genuine knowledge and know-how, it was impossible to bring them together or to create synergy.<br />
<br />
<b>The key difficulty was the lack of scientific vocabulary</b>.<br />
<br />
The team’s experience in active university pedagogy in rural communities led to “inventing” scientific terms in Bambara that would facilitate exchange between communities. They began by words related to botany, because the prime focus of IAD is agriculture, and farming communities have traditional deep agricultural knowledge. Women are often those who know most, and are responsible for transmitting this knowledge to future generations.<br />
<br />
IAD is continuing to work with village communities. Their end objective is to build a glossary of all botanical terms in Bambara. It is essential that the farmers be able to understand and have access to scientific research, particularly in botany and agriculture, as their traditional life-styles and cultural knowledge are threatened by the work that is being done by the international scientific community on seeds and biotechnology in the field of agriculture.<br />
<br />
By working closely with the women farmers in the field (literally and figuratively), Assétou and her team have helped build a complete new scientific vocabulary in Bambara. They have created expressions that match the language used by scientists, and progressively enriched the language with expressions that are not “imported” loan words, as is generally the case, but rather created new expressions in a language that is largely based on images and gestures that already exist (Bambara is a very figurative language, so this is a complex process). <br />
<br />
Several years down the road, the effects are quite remarkable. Combined with the support provided by their partners, the women have become highly organised in their own cooperative structures, and have built an effective network and chain that enables them to produce, store and market their produce in ways that ensure added value and better prices. They can discuss with scientists, and coherently justify why their traditional breeding practice and agricultural methods are more effective than hybrid or GMO seeds or chemical inputs, and what support they would really need.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2W6fHTnlAyrBBbYLDDjS1zuTa2GvyxBt3NRQZhOOAj3CuDTWMKY7TooErxKRsMwmFT1vz3GEFj47QMf_B9MUjGBeK_s9rVAYdFPA-Dn-qvYfMra6MkSmMD5oENzgIv1yX2uoF/s1600/Femmes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="312" width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2W6fHTnlAyrBBbYLDDjS1zuTa2GvyxBt3NRQZhOOAj3CuDTWMKY7TooErxKRsMwmFT1vz3GEFj47QMf_B9MUjGBeK_s9rVAYdFPA-Dn-qvYfMra6MkSmMD5oENzgIv1yX2uoF/s400/Femmes.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<br />
Alimata Traore, woman farmer from the Sikasso region of Mali takes the floor during the satellite link up with DFID & Members of the British Parliament in Accra, January 2012. Photo, Michel Pimbert <br />
<br />
I had the privilege of being part of an interpretation team that supported a High Level Policy Dialogue between these women and members of AGRA (the Green Revolution lobby in Africa), as well as with Members of the House of Parliament and Decentralised Cooperation in the UK. The meeting was organised by the International Institute for Environment and Development policy (IIED) in Accra in Ghana in January. These women, who in spite of being for the most part illiterate, were among the most articulate and powerful I have met in many years. Their strength and their courage is remarkable.<br />
<br />
Above all, the power of the support provided by Assetou Samaké and her team could provide a model for other countries and other languages. Sadly many native/local languages have already been lost, mainly in America, where the whole indigenous community concept of relationships between humans and nature is a uniquely important model. More are being lost every year. And expressing yourself in the language of your people is a birthright, but sadly not one that is truly universal. It is also one of the key tenets of Babels, the global network of volunteer interpreters, an emanation of the World Social Forum, to enable everyone to speak in the language of their choice. But to be able to do that, the missing link in terms of sustainable development is indeed the work carried out by the IAD: that of “inventing” the appropriate equivalent terms to allow a full and equal exchange to take place, empower communities, and highlight the traditional knowledge that could otherwise be lost.<br />
<br />
<b>About the Newsletter</b><br />
<br />
This Newsletter is published in French, English, Spanish and Portuguese, It has been produced on a totally voluntary basis since the first issue in 2003. <br />
The Editorial team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation and revision: <br />
Michel Colin (Brazil)<br />
Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada)<br />
Brunilda Rafael (France)<br />
We also wish to thank the Civil Policy Research Institute(CPRI) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the Japanese translation.<br />
Our Newsletters are available on the WEB:<br />
http://local-development.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
To contact us (for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-66781179113866139692012-04-02T11:11:00.003-07:002012-04-02T11:28:02.791-07:00<b>International Newsletter of Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #87<br />
April 1st 2012<br />
Summary<br />
New directions and connections for the solidarity economy and people-centred development. Kochi, Kerala (India), 2nd – 4th March 2012</b><br />
<br />
<b>Message from the Editorial Team</b><br />
<br />
Yvon took part in the COMMACT network conference in India, as a representative of the Canadian Community Economic Development Network (CCEDNET). He had also taken part in the COMMACT meeting in Liverpool in September 2004. Martine took part as delegate for the Euronetz network, joint organisers of the meeting; Judith was present as an interpreter. Yvon also participated in the following meeting that was held in Brisbane (Australia) in October 2008.<br />
<br />
These meetings, as well as the Asian Solidarity Economy Forum in Manila in October 2007, Tokyo in 2009 and Kuala Lumpur in November 2011, helped build and strengthen sustainable relationships and networks with Asia in particular. We, in Europe and North America are often less aware of what is happening in civil society movements in Asia. In the last two of these meetings, Yvon and Martine worked together very closely on the European activities of the Pactes Locaux, both of them aiming to promote a democratic territorial approach to the organisation of solidarity. Judith has opened up new relationships with the aspect of food sovereignty and international networks that are more implanted in the English-speaking world.<br />
<br />
Those of you who subscribe to our newsletter are probably aware that the guiding light of our editorial committee has always been to focus on the way people and communities find sustainable ways of solving their problems and meeting their needs. That is why we are committed to informal networking in social and solidarity economy, inasmuch as these organisations and practitioners do not approach the development issues from the thematic or sectorial angle, but are interested in a more holistic approach and the overall dimension of local to global issues in communities and local authorities. The key question is how to organise locally at the different level in order to achieve a democratic contract and rebuild territorial development to confront globalisation? This is the recurrent theme from one issue to the next, and one that we try to illustrate and inform our readers through examples.<br />
<br />
The meeting in Kochi also enabled Yvon to visit ASSEFA again, for the first time since 2002. This association now brings together 10,150 villages, and is as inspiring as ever in its practice. We described the work carried out by ASSEFA in number 60 of this Newsletter. We shall write more in the near future. <br />
<br />
Judith Hitchman<br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<b>New directions and connections for the solidarity economy and people-centred development. Kochi, Kerala (India), 2nd – 4th March 2012</b><br />
<br />
<b>By Yvon Poirier</b><br />
<br />
It was under the theme of New directions and connections for solidarity economy people-centred development that about sixty participants came together in India. There were 30 from India, 18 from Malaysia, 4 from Australia, 3 from the UK and the author of this article represented Canada. <br />
The meeting was organised by the COMMACT network – the Common Wealth network for People-Centred Development. This network was originally created for organisations in the British Commonwealth, and first met in GOA in India in 1988. Since the network no longer has ties with the British Commonwealth, it now calls itself a network for the «Common Wealth». The network meets every 2-4 years. COMMACT is legally domiciled in Australia, with David Thompson of Jobs Australia as president. David is also a member of the Board of RIPESS, the International Network for the Promotion of the Social Solidarity Economy. <br />
<br />
As most of the COMMACT members are based in Asia, the organisation is also a member of the Asian Solidarity Economy Coalition (ASEC), the continental member of RIPESS. There is a strong determination to work together in the Asian context. Denison Jayasooria, Asian member of the RIPESS Board was present at the Kochi meeting.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj03rr74izvvQVL3ONbvrE2ITsl-H1VxfyHGUSSVfXaY4GQYl07vMeiFhZYHWLqP9Jo46Jzgb3BUT8dFNEJnMA2EoxtSpEEcn3IOlBHRIT136VaZlquzfVikgWLPJAYsQ_spBZ0/s1600/DSC_0251%2528C%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="267" width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj03rr74izvvQVL3ONbvrE2ITsl-H1VxfyHGUSSVfXaY4GQYl07vMeiFhZYHWLqP9Jo46Jzgb3BUT8dFNEJnMA2EoxtSpEEcn3IOlBHRIT136VaZlquzfVikgWLPJAYsQ_spBZ0/s400/DSC_0251%2528C%2529.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<br />
Seated : Noël d'Silva (India), David Thompson (Australia), Bhanwar Singh (India), Devasmitha Sridhar (India), Jenny Mercer (Australia) et Ganesh Purohit (India). Standing: other participants from India<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTkP3evWRkM_94Rwg1LgNC1ec75nattTsD8OfdWPT-ntkK91FKpsttklQkBbWTkG_-VmVbEZEBO2v4MQEU5Now3C9lHGLbxMuFik-NnuX41SfhHu17P9TNKh1hFTT04QG-ZQ0H/s1600/P1050883%2528c%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="266" width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTkP3evWRkM_94Rwg1LgNC1ec75nattTsD8OfdWPT-ntkK91FKpsttklQkBbWTkG_-VmVbEZEBO2v4MQEU5Now3C9lHGLbxMuFik-NnuX41SfhHu17P9TNKh1hFTT04QG-ZQ0H/s400/P1050883%2528c%2529.jpg" /></a></div><br />
L. Kumar, David Thompson, S. Loganathan, Yvon Poirier<br />
<br />
The conference provided an opportunity to listen to speakers with a long-standing experience in community development based on communities’ needs. Four speeches were particularly interesting:<br />
• S. Loganathan of the Sarva Seva Farms Association (ASSEFA) spoke of his 40 years dedicated to local village populations. There are now over 10,000 villages and 5 million people in this network involved in self-help holistic development, inspired by Gandhi.<br />
• Professor Datuk Yusof Kassim, president of COMMACT Malaysia explained the role of people-centred policies in the government’s development plans; he proposed concrete methods for a more inclusive approach for disadvantaged populations, particularly in the regions that are distant from Kuala Lumpur.<br />
• Paul Sinnapan, of the Binary University (Malaysia) presented his long experience with disadvantaged communities in rural areas, and especially the approach whereby the co-operatives use savings and loans as a key instrument in their communities. There are over 500 organisations of this kind, some of them not yet legally constituted, and that have been created by the grassroots communities themselves. <br />
• Jagananda, a long-standing activist in civil society organisations, is now the Commissioner for Information in the State of Orissa in India. To help communities to become empowered, it is important that public services meet the citizen’s requests for the right to information. He told us how in the case of PPPs (public-private partnerships), the private companies had refused to share information in a transparent manner, as it was part of the private sector. He ordered them to do so, as 49% of their funds are provided by the public sector. The Supreme Court of India ruled in favour of his request!<br />
<br />
There were many other speeches during the plenary sessions and the workshops; they enabled participants to gain a deeper understanding of other subjects, such as social and solidarity economy and the challenges of networking. The participants clearly expressed their desire to continue their mutual support through networking activities and to exchange information.<br />
COMMACT Website<br />
http://commact.com/<br />
<br />
<b>About the Newsletter</b><br />
This Newsletter is published in French, English, Spanish and Portuguese, It has been produced on a totally voluntary basis since the first issue in 2003. <br />
The Editorial team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation and revision: <br />
Michel Colin (Brazil)<br />
Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada)<br />
Brunilda Rafael (France)<br />
We also wish to thank the Policy Research Institute for the Civil Sector (PRICS) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the Japanese translation.<br />
Our Newsletters are available on the WEB:<br />
http://local-development.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
To contact us (for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-72456248384185741772012-03-02T09:09:00.000-08:002012-03-02T09:09:04.180-08:00<b>International Newsletter of Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #86<br />
1st March 2012<br />
<br />
Summary<br />
The launch of the People’s Summit: “Transition Now!” Porto Alegre, (Brazil) 24th-29th January 2012.<br />
<br />
Message from the editorial team</b><br />
<br />
In our previous issue we mentioned the importance of RIO+20 for the future of our planet and humanity.<br />
Martine took part in a preparatory meeting in Brazil last January, in her capacity of member of the RIO+20 Collective delegation.<br />
<br />
What is the connection with sustainable local development? On first sight one could be forgiven for thinking that these global issues are far removed from our everyday concerns wherever we happen to live. But as we all know, the impacts of current development trends are felt throughout the world, including on our own lives. It’s an inescapable fact of life.<br />
This is why we hope that the second “Earth Summit” - the first took place in Rio in 1992 - will finally lead to concrete commitments to protecting our planet for generations to come. And in like manner, in our own communities we need to constantly reconsider our ways of life and consumer habits to ensure that they are compatible with saving the biosphere.<br />
<br />
Judith Hitchman<br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<b>The launch of the People’s Summit: « Transition now! »<br />
Porto Alegre (Brazil) 24th to 29th January 2012.<br />
<br />
by Martine Théveniaut</b><br />
<br />
The obstacle is clearly identified: the fragmented responses linked to the lack of any clear expectations that can unify the live forces around shared perspectives. Every State speaks for their country alone. The major groups defend the interests of their sector. And the sum total does not add up to make a global whole. RIO+20 is an invitation to global civil society to come together...in Brazil! Brazil, the home of organised social resistance movements, vitality and long-lasting relationships with Europe!<br />
<br />
<b>« Reinventing the world » <br />
</b><br />
The “People’s Summit of RIO+20 for social and environmental justice” aims to be a founding moment, and run parallel to the official Earth Summit. It aims to demonstrate the political strength of organised movements and their ability to confront the major issues of the planet, as these issues are theirs! The networks preparing for the Summit came together in an open space. Between 300 and 400 organisations took part, and were represented by a facilitation committee made up of the key Brazilian networks: indigenous peoples, women, black communities, trade unions...the Brazilian Solidarity economy Forum, represented by Andrea Mendes was one of them.<br />
<br />
Networks from neighbouring countries were also present. Bolivia played a prominent role, with Pablo Solon, negotiator for his country in Cancun playing an important part. He has resigned from his position as governmental advisor. Indian communities from 8 different countries of the Amazon Basin are strongly resisting the non-consultative decisions, agendas and methods being forced upon them. They have built a collective project based on their cosmovisions. The international dimension of the meeting included networks from South Africa, the Maghreb and Palestine.<br />
<br />
The event will take place in the Flamengo Park in Rio de Janeiro from June 17th – 23rd 2012, to run parallel to and independently from the official conference. There will be self-managed discussion groups around a Permanent People’s Assembly that will operate with “outside/inside” relations to the official forum, putting forward proposals to the institutional negotiators. <br />
The facilitation Committee for the preparation of the People’s Summit has an executive committee that includes the CUT, a powerful trade union in Brazil, the Via Campesina and the Landless People’s Movement, the Reflection and Support Group of the World Social Forum (1), the Brazilian Forum of Social Movements and the People’s Summit: an intertwined dynamic.<br />
<br />
Initially the Thematic Social Forum was planned for 2-3000 people, and aimed to prepare for the People’s Summit through systemic thematic work groups, operating over a several-month period.<br />
The work covers four thematic axes: <br />
a) Ethical and philosophical foundations: subjectivity, domination and emancipation; <br />
b) Human rights, Peoples, territories and defence of Mother Earth; <br />
c) Access to wealth, common goods and transition economy; <br />
d) Political subjects, the architecture of power and democracy.<br />
Sharing the results should “support the connection of experience with political contributions in an international process; the agenda for change, electronic fora, and different languages of participants (2). The French delegation of the RIO+20 committee was founded in order to contribute on the basis of their own work and to determine how best to contribute to a collective strategy (3).<br />
<br />
Interference between the different objectives of the meeting did not allow the thematic groups to make the most of the meetings, and the organisation was mainly voluntary. The ideological inheritance of “democratic centralism" clashed with overwhelming self-management processes and emotional clashes of leadership. Accepting the idea that work has already been accomplished also implies accepting rules and building trust through transparent processes. In reality, the event was far greater in scale. It mobilised many Brazilians in the current municipal pre-electoral period as well as people from the neighbouring Latin American countries, and centred on the geopolitical context of the continent. There were between 20,000 and 30,000 participants, and almost 1,000 self-organised activities! Very few Africans or Asians took part. Many people discovered the intertwined nature of the thematic Social Forum and the People’s Summit for the first time.<br />
The meeting did however chart the resources and weakness of civil society that is attempting to seize the helm on the basis of what is the current state of play. This probably represents an indispensable and useful stage in an uncharted process of affirmation.<br />
<br />
<b>The current position of the official process.<br />
</b><br />
The 0 Draft of the United Nations published in January “The future we want” is poor. The declarations by the G77 put nothing on the table. The <br />
institutional mechanics are blocked, although taken individually, the countries are critical. In the chapter on governance, the key issue is that everyone speaks on behalf of their own country. There is no crosscutting vision and no legitimacy to defend common goods, no United Nations organisation to carry this issue forward. Certain States are more committed than others, like Brazil, China, the Small Island Developing States (SIDS), several Latin American countries, and, to some extent, India. African countries are more receptive, given the fact that a United Nations Agency has its headquarters in Nairobi. Canada, is closed to all these issues, and is capable of causing the whole conference to fail. <br />
<br />
The United Nations has certain expectations from the not-for-profit third sector. This is an indicator of economic progress, as well as access to rights, services, and increased interest in all oceans. There is greater maturity on some themes than others in terms of what progress is possible: water, food sovereignty and the genuine representation of civil society as a third pillar. Given the strength of certain lobbies at the UN, would it not be possible to institutionalise a formal consultative process, similar to that of the Economic and Social Committees in Europe? Or like the Civil Society Mechanism of the Committee for Food Security of the FAO? Or an official body for State commitments, with international follow-up?<br />
<br />
<b>The political entrance of the Occupy movement.<br />
</b><br />
The Occupy movement played a strategic role in the meeting. Their camp is outside the legislative assembly of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. They were invited to participate by the organisers of the Thematic Social Forum on three consecutive days, between midday and 2 p.m., and they testified and discussed non-stop between the official sessions. On the third day, they moderated a plenary session. They were surrounded, called upon, and urged to join in the dynamics of what was happening, and although not all of them were members of the WSF, they support this struggle and are aware that “existing organisations fail to respond to the current issues”. The Indignados (members of Occupy!) from Greece, Spain (Catalonia), Britain, the USA and students from Chile have understood that “the political parties do not have the answers”. The believe that “they need to take responsibility for changing things and finding the means of strengthening democracy and the way that power is exercised”.<br />
<br />
One year after the beginning of the popular uprisings, the Occupy movement in various countries of the Arab world find it easier to “identify their friends and their enemies among the extremists: the Islamic supporters are better organised and have won the first round and the elections; the Western countries let the dictators that they have got rid of get on with things, before supporting them for reasons linked to their own interests. The far left is divided and has lost their energy for changing the world”.<br />
Esther Vivas, a Catalonian attendee said, “according to her European experience, it has become clear that capitalism is incompatible with democracy. The Occupy movements’ response is both radical and direct. It is not a cosmetic social democratic reform, but the desire to see genuine democracy that is also economic and self-managed. This is now being achieved through daily experience and through non-violent solutions. Caring for those who have become marginalised and who have no access to medical care, stopping the increasing number of evictions of those who can no longer pay their rent. So far the government hasn’t dared to take them on using police force, as the majority of the population supports them. They are facing many challenges: combining forms of resistance and struggles that are still scattered and a genuine collective dynamic of resistance that is local, national and international; maintaining popular support; strengthening the analyses and including sustainable development that has not until now been considered as a priority, but that is part of the anticapitalist struggle (land, water...). We need to prepare for increased governmental resistance, as this is the beginning of a social revolution”.<br />
The alterglobalisation movement continues to question its own future.<br />
<br />
Some old hands stated during the Thematic Social Forum of Porto Alegre: “We are still convinced that our ideas are right, but we are not able to move forward to draw in new people... Our problem is to recruit new members”, said Chico Whitaker, the 80-year old founder member of the Forum. The WSF now only involves a small fraction of the live forces involved in today’s major popular mobilisations fro democracy. This Thematic Social Forum is part of the attempts of an on-going reform to try to build a new dynamic. Of course the CUT and the Via Campesina remain forces that are able to mobilise many people. But their members are divided on the subject of the “green economy”, caught on the horns of a dilemma, because the industrialisation of our country also creates jobs, as president Dilma says! Activists from the sustainable development lobby were also present in the opening march on the 24th of January, with a different position. There appears to have been some lively discussion. The Thematic Social Forum concluded with a declaration by the Assembly of Social Movements and the launch of the People’s Summit at the Porto Alegre Gasometer, on Saturday the 28th January in the evening, introduced by the Forum’s executive committee members. “United in our diversity” was the general trend set by Carmen Foro, secretary for the environment at CUT: the interest of alliances won out over division! This was the best news of the whole meeting...<br />
<br />
As a member of the French Collective RIO+20 and of RIPESS Europe, the Thematic Social Forum was a very instructive step in a year-long preparation process. Solid documents, fundamental lines, identified differences...resulting in direct interest and mobilisation. Civil society is confronting its decision-making responsibility: to unite and collectively build constructive coalitions and change the agenda in order to put concrete experience-based proposals on the table that can be “success-stories as of 2012”. Brazil has built bridges between the official Earth Summit conference and the People’s Summit to enable the 4-day period to be more productive than Copenhagen! The strategy has yet to be defined. With the support of Luiz Fernanco Pezao, the vice-governor or Rio de Janeiro, and coordinator of the State infrastructure, the city of Rio hopes to advocate for improved consideration of public infraregional governance. Brazil would like to see a permanent secretariat created to improve the connection between the economic dimension and the MDGs on poverty. Sustainable development will be part of the outcomes that are universal, aspirational and aim for 2030. The balanced importance attached to economic, social and environmental goals will depend on the messages and the strength of the coalitions.<br />
<br />
(1) http://www.grap.org.br/forum-social-tematico/<br />
(2) http://dialogos2012.org/category/noticias/?lang=fr (portugais, anglais, français espagnol)<br />
(3) An open discussion space created by the French RIO+20 collective that brings together over 40 organisations preparing for the Conference.<br />
http://collectif-france.rio20.net/2012/02/15/rio20-une-transition<br />
(4) Available in 4 languages on the website http://rio20.net/fr/documentos<br />
<br />
<b>About the Newsletter<br />
</b><br />
This Newsletter is published in French, English, Spanish and Portuguese, It has been produced on a totally voluntary basis since the first issue in 2003. <br />
The Editorial team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation and revision: <br />
Michel Colin (Brazil)<br />
Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada)<br />
Brunilda Rafael (France)<br />
<br />
We also wish to thank the Policy Research Institute for the Civil Sector (PRICS) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the Japanese translation.<br />
<br />
Our Newsletters are available on the WEB:<br />
http://local-development.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
To contact us (for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-66706745217086636122012-02-01T07:24:00.000-08:002012-02-01T07:46:26.192-08:00International Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development<b>Newsletter #85<br />
February 1st 2012 <br />
<br />
Summary <br />
<br />
Masters of their own destiny</b> E<br />
<br />
<b>Editorial message <br />
</b><br />
<br />
<b>What can we wish our readers, given the heavy threats facing our planet and future generations? </b><br />
<br />
The Rio + 20 Conference, scheduled to take place between the 20th and the 22nd of next June is very much at the fore of the civil society calendar. It will be a key event for steering in the right direction and regaining control of the helm: global warming, “Market” control, and the excessive control of oligarchies that reign heedless of democracy. What can we expect of the different States? Tetanised by their internal crises, they constantly put off the preparation here and now of a viable future sine die. The governing majorities are volatile in their behaviour, subjected as they are to the power of finance. <br />
<br />
Our dearest wish for 2012 would be the success of the “People’s Summit of RIO + 20 for social and environmental justice”, scheduled to take place from the 18th - 23rd of June. A Brazilian group platform has created a facilitating committee to bring people together . It uses the diversity and the preparation aimed at concentrating gains to structure proposals and improve the balance of power so that the voice of international civil society can be taken into consideration in an independent space of democratic discussion. The event will run parallel to the official summit. We hope that the powers and proposals that are united at this event will manage to impact the path that is being steered, and establish the groundwork for a new international agenda that will steer us out of the current irresponsible course of events. <br />
<br />
We are first and foremost field workers. We are realistic. The future is a long hard road to build and it involves taking new avenues into account in the dominant, monolithic mindset. We should not expect that all the work be done by institutions: they are defective and no longer appropriate for efficiently managing today’s issues. The testimonies that we have been publishing for over eight years enable us to clearly show that communities all over our world are continually succeeding in building economic, social and cultural conditions that place human needs and those of our planet at the centre of their concern. This is what inspires us to continue our publishing and analysing what we see, so that governance from local to international level may be built on reality and genuine potential rather than doing things back-to-front! The finality is for human activity to become organised around the concept of meeting people’s needs rather than short-term profitability. <br />
<br />
Yvon’s article, based on his own experience is a forceful example of how little it often takes to renew the practice of solidarity in community life. There’s no need to reinvent the wheel. Generations past, including the Rochdale Pioneers and Raiffeisen banks in Germany in the 20th century all show us what is possible. We merely need to adapt these solutions, and extend them to wider regions or countries. This isn’t always easy to do, as we well know, but we are also aware that the capitalist system can no longer meet the needs of humanity. We need to prepare for the future!<br />
<br />
In terms of citizens’ news, 2012 has been declared the International Year of Cooperatives by the UN. Our second wish is that this year may see the inclusion of all the positive ideas of past generations by those following in our footsteps, who are motivated and indignant, to help them become the change-agents in their own environment. Cooperation is a lesser means of asserting oneself in today’s power-based system, a system where we all stand to lose! It is up to us all to take responsibility for joining and spreading the huge potential of a people and community-based economy; thanks to Yvon for this testimony that links the past to the present in this season of greetings!<br />
<br />
Editorial Team <br />
Judith Hitchman<br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<b>Masters of their own destiny</b> <br />
<b>By Yvon Poirier </b><br />
<br />
In this article, the expression <b>“Masters of their own destiny”</b> refers to the title of a book published in 1939, as well as to the history of the community in which the author of this article was born and grew up. <br />
<br />
This book (1) was written by William Coady of the Department of Adult Education of St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish in Nova Scotia, an Eastern province of Canada. He explains how the “mass education” process enabled fishing and farming communities to use cooperatives as an economic tool to gain control of their own destiny, and become collective owners of the means of commercialising their fish, through credit unions and cooperative shops. Via study groups, some of which were women’s groups, people became aware that they could manage their own economic affairs, rather than allowing them to be controlled by capitalist interests that claimed to be the only ones capable of running companies. The book further served as a tool in study groups in the 1940s and ‘50s to found cooperatives in the three Maritime provinces of Eastern Canada – Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. This community-based approach of taking control of their economic activities is still known as the <b>“Antigonish Movement”. </b>The success of this educational approach is internationally recognised via the <b>Coady International Institute</b> that has trained over 5000 people from developing countries since 1959: www.coady.stfx.ca/ The author of this article has met several people during his travels, essentially in Asia, who spent a year studying at this Institute. “Masters of their own destiny” describes well how a small French-speaking community in the province of Prince Edward Island spontaneously adopted the cooperative formula, without any previous knowledge of it, as of 1862. <br />
<br />
It is also worth mentioning that these three provinces were a French colony since 1604 known as Acadia. After having fallen to the British crown, most Acadians were deported to Europe and the British territories further south by boat between 1755 and 1763, separating the men from the women and children. Some were destined for Louisiana which was a French colony at the time. This was before the American War of Independence. French-speaking Acadians are therefore the survivors of this “ethnic cleansing”, either because they escaped deportation or because they later returned. In the province of Prince Edward Island they account for a mere 4% of the population and can be found mostly in the “Evangeline Region”, where they form the majority of the population. They have their own institutions, including a French-speaking primary and secondary public-funded school. <br />
<br />
The spirit of mutual help and solidarity that was built over centuries, enabling them to survive in a minority environment led quite naturally to their founding the first cooperative in 1862 (2). It was called a seed bank and was used to “ create reserves that would allow the majority to deposit a certain quantity of seeds to meet the needs of the poorest, when it was time to sow...” Other similar banks were founded in the region. It was only in 1946 that the first of them closed. Towards the end of the 19th and the early 20th century, many cooperatives were founded; some lasted only a few years, others stayed in business for longer. A cheese cooperative operated from 1896 until 1952, when it merged with other cheese coops in the province. There were potato coops, egg coops, coops for animal reproduction, a mill for the various cereal crops, etc. <br />
<br />
After the Second World War, a new generation of cooperatives was born, inspired by William Coady’s writing. They can be explained by the drop in agriculture and the important development of the fishing industry especially lobster fishing. This led to the founding in 1954 of the <b>Fishermen’s Coop</b>, the result of the merging of two smaller coops. This cooperative is this working. It includes a processing plant, and is not only the biggest seasonal employer, but also one of the most important “private sector” employers in the whole province. During this entire period, the members of the community, frequently the same people created food coop stores, a credit union for savings and loans, to name but a few. Most members of the community were members of several cooperatives. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPKRvTZMP1a55SCX_YQdzVCWgLtwFIU_z1pWMlc_lmIaI_2KK40RKu5fC3AYhzCTUHZQNnp0mOmW-RPM9SR_nlT7IUs9jscu8zAsYggEHU2C8XpHiIIMdT7Ojcay2_Ai2O1c-t/s1600/Bateaux.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPKRvTZMP1a55SCX_YQdzVCWgLtwFIU_z1pWMlc_lmIaI_2KK40RKu5fC3AYhzCTUHZQNnp0mOmW-RPM9SR_nlT7IUs9jscu8zAsYggEHU2C8XpHiIIMdT7Ojcay2_Ai2O1c-t/s400/Bateaux.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
At the occasion of the blessing of the fishing boat's – August 31, 2008 <br />
<br />
Nowadays, in 2012, most economic activity in the Evangeline region is still cooperative, in spite of the globalisation of the hypermarkets and presence of major chain stores. As well as the fishing, food and financial sectors, a funeral cooperative was also opened. A new cooperative was recently created to support the integration of French-speaking immigrants in the region, including a family of refugees from Rwanda. The most important achievement in recent years has been the building of a home for the elderly, called «<b>La Coopérative le Chez Nous»; </b>it includes about 30 rooms. <br />
<br />
The history of this region is close to the author’s heart, as it is where his roots are. After completing his university studies, he moved to Quebec City, over 900 kilometres away. Nevertheless he has always stayed in touch with his family, and frequently visits them. His childhood memories of going with his father to the various coops in the 1950s are still crystal clear. Following his father’s death in 1987, he found William Coady’s book, including his father’s notes, taken at a study group in 1946. And as chance would have it, his burial was organised by the founders of a new funeral coop, of which he was a member. Just as it is quite natural for his mother, now aged 95, to be living in the «Le Chez Nous » home for the elderly. <br />
<br />
Even if he no longer lives in the region, his family and community upbringing encouraged and shaped his predisposition to continue on the path of solidarity to make the world a better place through committing to solidarity economy and a more just society for one and all.<br />
<br />
1. Masters of their own destiny, M.M. Coady, Harper @ Brothers Publishers, United States of America, 1939, 170 p. This book, published only in English is available on request.<br />
2. Historical information in this article is based on «Le mouvement coopératif chez les Acadiens de la région Évangeline (1862-1982) », Cécile Gallant, 283 pages <br />
<br />
<b>Online links:</b><br />
<b>Evangeline Region (Fr and En):</b><br />
http://regionevangeline.com/index.cfm/<br />
http://museeacadien.org/<br />
<br />
<b>Acadians (Wikipedia)</b> http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadiens (FR) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadians (EN) http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadiano (ES)<br />
<br />
<b>About the Newsletter</b><br />
This Newsletter is published in French, English, Spanish and Portuguese, It has been produced on a totally voluntary basis since the first issue in 2003. <br />
<br />
The Editorial team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation and revision: Michel Colin (Brazil) Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland) Évéline Poirier (Canada) Brunilda Rafael (France)<br />
We also wish to thank the Policy Research Institute for the Civil Sector (PRICS) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the Japanese translation. <br />
<br />
Our Newsletters are available on the WEB: http://local-development.blogspot.com/ <br />
www.apreis.org/ To contact us (for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe): Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-29306259738686011772011-12-01T07:48:00.000-08:002011-12-01T07:48:37.606-08:00<b>International Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #84<br />
December 1st 2011<br />
<br />
Summary<br />
Cloughjordan: An Irish Eco-village</b><br />
<br />
Message from the Editorial Team<br />
<br />
In this newsletter Judith describes the only Eco-village in Ireland. It is situated in Cloughjordan, a little over an hour’s drive from the capital, Dublin.<br />
<br />
The interest of this project is that it reaches beyond the strict framework of organic agriculture or Community Supported Agriculture (CSA).<br />
<br />
The holistic approach of a local community is typical of the types of initiatives that we have written about in previous issues, and strengthens our conviction that a better world is not only possible, but is being built on a daily basis in many parts of our planet.<br />
<br />
Our next Newsletter will be published on February 1st 2012.<br />
<br />
Editorial Team<br />
Judith Hitchman <br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<b>Cloughjordan: an Irish Eco-Village<br />
<br />
By Judith Hitchman</b><br />
<br />
Cloughjordan is Ireland’s first and so far only Eco-Village. It is situated in North-West Tipperary, just over an hour’s drive from Dublin, but a good 3 hours from my family home in County Waterford. Fergal Anderson, who has just left his job in Brussels with the Via Campesina to start working his own farm in Galway and I were warmly welcomed by Davie Philips, Chair of the Cloughjordan Community Farm. We also met other members of the Board, and visited the lower farm. The weather and time constraints conspired to stop us from visiting the upper farm.<br />
<br />
<b>Origins</b><br />
<br />
Born in 1999 - the initial members were involved in the Dublin Food Coop, and met there – the project is an overall concept that was designed as a model for sustainable living. The site was chosen for a number of reasons: it is easy to access Ireland’s capital, Dublin; there is a train station, the existing community is one of religious diversity, so tolerance is higher… The village includes 50 families, essentially neo-rural rather than of rural origin. 80 of the 130 potential sites have been sold. It also includes a 32-bed hostel, which is used not only for visitors, but for the many training courses run in the village (Agro-ecology, bio-dynamic agriculture, permaculture, community resilience, leadership etc…). There are plans to develop part of the site to include a green social enterprise community. As the overall principles of both the village and the farm are based on co-ownership and community development in the best sense of the term, the added value of such a project would be enormous. A traditional wood-fired bakery is about to open on the site. The baker is already famous in Dublin for his bread.<br />
<br />
Much has already been written about the Eco-Village per se. It is situated on a site some 67 acres of land. What makes it very unique is that unlike many other such projects, it is actually right in an existing small old village, and rather than create friction and making locals flee, it has revitalised the existing community, who, although initially wary, have moved on from wariness to genuine acceptance of many of the “strange” things that are all a work in progress. This includes Ireland’s only community solar panel array and renewable energy district heating system providing hot water and heat to all the houses, genuine participatory community decision-making and self-built housing of various kinds (cob, hemp and lime…). Sadly the Local Authorities declined to give a discharge licence for a reed bed system for purifying sewerage, although this method has been accepted elsewhere in Ireland, where all Local Authorities are independent decision-making bodies… <br />
<br />
<b>Activities</b><br />
<br />
The main aim of this article is to describe the somewhat unique Community Supported Agriculture project that is part of the Eco-Village. It is a separate project from the Eco-Village, but is nevertheless part of the same overall approach, with 60% of the CSA’s members coming from the Eco-Village. While Grow-it-Yourself and Allotments and even Community gardens have become very popular in Ireland, Cloughjordan is Ireland’s first genuinely structured CSA farm. There are now an increasing number of box schemes and other CSA projects being operated in Ireland. The farm is not certified organic. There is just no need to go through any costly process as the consumers are also the owners of the produce and the farm is therefore not selling anything; it is very much a trust-based community project. The farm does however use organic and biodynamic principles. There are two parts to the farm (upper and lower). The land is leased, with 12 acres on the lower site, 28 on the upper. The farm also organises many educational projects: cookery classes, picking sessions, activities for schools and children of all ages. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qZdKYkUY0KU/Tteh0b19g5I/AAAAAAAAADQ/gNQJxJUD9_g/s1600/IMG_3566_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="267" width="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qZdKYkUY0KU/Tteh0b19g5I/AAAAAAAAADQ/gNQJxJUD9_g/s400/IMG_3566_2.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<br />
The unique nature of the farm is that it is contiguous to the village. It is right behind the houses. This means that for the most part, the 57 families involved are far more involved and aware than is usually the case. Although there is a very reasonable weekly contribution based on family size and income, when I visited, the fresh vegetables were being put in the open, unlocked collection shed three times a week, and members are free to help themselves to what they want and need. There have been no problems with this either. In other seasons, the veggies are dropped off only twice a week. A few members of the scheme come from neighbouring towns like Nenagh, situated 10 km away. This means that there is also a need to have a box scheme that operates once or twice a week..<br />
<br />
The farm also provides raw milk from Kerry cows to its members. This is possible, in spite of the constraints of EU regulations that now forbid the sale of raw milk, as it is not sold: the members are actually considered owners through their membership of the collective scheme. It includes eggs and grains as well as the vegetables. A number of heritage and heirloom varieties are grown as part of the scheme. There are plans to develop “edible gardens” throughout the village. For those members that are not vegetarian, there is a meat-share scheme, whereby for an additional sum members can share a pig or lamb. I counted about 15 different varieties of vegetables growing in the fields, which is a good range for the area’s climatic possibilities. Wwoofers (an international network of volunteers in organic farming) from all over the world also visit and help with the work. There have been several different people in charge of the farm in the past, but this has now stabilised. One of the most amusing features is how the crops are stocked: an old container truck was bought for a mere 200 euros. The inside has been converted into a storage shed, with compartments for all the different vegetables. It is well aired, and out of reach to the wild animals that might otherwise help themselves.<br />
Local farmers who were originally wary of the innovations involved on the farm were initially sceptical. The fact that it works, that the quality of the vegetables is so high, has gradually gained acceptance for the approach that is used. <br />
<br />
The decision-making method used on both the farm and indeed in the village is an adapted form of VSM (Viable Systems Model). The adaptation enables those involved to have a maximum autonomy; it also facilitates engagement and organisation amongst the members. The result is genuine participatory democracy that has a coherent organisational structure. The level of genuine involvement in the various different projects has led to truly sustainable community-driven thriving and sustainable local development.<br />
<br />
The farm is planning to hold an all-Ireland CSA conference next February. The idea is to create an Irish network, and to map what exists in various forms. Cloughjordan farm is now a member of Urgenci, and has invited Urgenci to participate. We are already looking forward to that!<br />
<br />
http://www.cloughjordancommunityfarm.ie/<br />
http://thevillage.ie/<br />
http://www.cloughjordan.ie/mainpage/index.htm<br />
http://www.wwoof.org/<br />
<br />
<b>About the Newsletter</b><br />
This Newsletter is published in French, English, Spanish and Portuguese, It has been produced on a totally voluntary basis since the first issue in 2003. <br />
The Editorial team wishes to thank the following volunteers for their support in translation and revision: <br />
Michel Colin (Brazil)<br />
Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada)<br />
Brunilda Rafael (France)<br />
<br />
We also wish to thank the Policy Research Institute for the Civil Sector (PRICS) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the Japanese translation.<br />
<br />
Our Newsletters are available on the WEB:<br />
http://local-development.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
<br />
To contact us (for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-46328178336615183332011-11-10T12:29:00.001-08:002011-11-10T12:29:18.451-08:00<b>International Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #83<br />
November 1st 2011<br />
Summary<br />
<br />
The social economy and municipal authorities: For sustainable development in local communities <br />
<br />
Message from the Editorial Team</b><br />
<br />
Ever since we first started publishing our Newsletter in 2003, we have stated that solutions need to be built bottom-up by communities and local resources; this is the path that leads to a true perspective of human justice and sustainable development.<br />
This article by Yvon was written for the magazine called Développement Social in Quebec. It was published in the special number for the International Social and Solidarity Economy Forum (FIESS), that took place in Montreal from 17th – 20th October last. Yvon examines the relationships of various socio-economic actors who have organised at municipal or other levels in the province of Quebec; the second largest in Canada with a population of 8 million (Canada 34,5 M). The full issue, including the article, is available in English and French on the magazine website at www.revueds.ca.<br />
His article is well researched and precise. It illustrates how the local development tools in Quebec work: they all have the support of a legitimate legal framework, use collective joint management systems, implement an entrepreneurial development strategy that may connect from different sources, financial tools for investment. It has a framework that is specifically adapted to solidarity economy (this is known as social economy in Quebec), which is fully recognised in Quebec. As these tools were created many years ago, it means that it is now possible to measure the results in terms of job and enterprise-creation as well as their sustainability over a period of time. The philosophy behind the system recognises profit but it is not considered as THE end goal (lucrative for a few to the detriment of the community). The method involves local authorities in a participatory process and stimulates general mobilisation. The article confirms the maturity of the economic alternative. The FIESS has highlighted this by bringing together all the achievements that are providing bottom-up responses to essential needs at global level.<br />
<br />
Editorial Team<br />
Judith Hitchman <br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<b>The social economy and municipal authorities: For sustainable development in local communities <br />
<br />
By Yvon Poirier </b><br />
<br />
In Quebec, the relationship between the social economy and municipal authorities – and by extension local communities – is original and worth examining. This connection between municipalities and the social economy exists in part through local development centres (CLD) and regional committees of elected officials (Conférences régionales des élus – CRÉ) which each support in their own way the existence of the social economy. <br />
<br />
CLDs: Technical and financial support for the social economy<br />
In Quebec, responsibility for local development and entrepreneurial support belongs to regional county municipalities (municipalités régionales de comté – MRC) and larger cities. However, the law specifies that this work can be delegated to a local development centre. There are 120 such centres in Quebec: 111 CLDs proper and in some areas of Montreal 9 community economic development corporations (CEDECs) that have a CLD mandate . They are all non-profit organizations whose role is to accompany private and collective entrepreneurs in accomplishing their business projects and to provide a set of front-line services for businesses. CLDs and CEDECs form a link between the municipal world and social economy.<br />
<br />
The Government of Quebec adopted Bill 171, creating CLDs, in December 1997. The bill followed Quebec’s Summit on Economy and Employment in 1996, which recognized social economy as a strategic area for development. The effort was in part to adapt business support policies. Under the legislation, CLDs have the mandate to prepare a strategy for entrepreneurial growth, including the social economy. At the same time, the government gave each organization an economic development fund, called Fonds de développement des entreprises d’économie sociale (FDEÉS), for specific support to social economy businesses. The organizations no longer have the obligation to keep such a FDEÉS, but a large majority nonetheless maintains a specific financial tool for the social economy. According to data from the ministère du Développement économique, de l’Innovation et de l’Exportation, more than $100 million has been invested through the FDEÉS in social economy businesses in 10 years (1998-2008), creating and maintaining more than 47 000 jobs and 5700 businesses. <br />
<br />
<b>Quebec City and the social economy</b><br />
In 2008, the Government of Quebec adopted the Plan d’action gouvernemental pour l’entrepreneuriat collectif to increase the positive effects of collective entrepreneurship. It seeks to give leaders in this area concrete means that are adapted to their realities, to enhance the strength of the regions and to meet community needs according to a sustainable development approach.<br />
<br />
The plan is for each CRÉ to sign a specific social economy agreement. Under its mandate, the Chantier de l’économie sociale du Québec guides the implementation of these agreements, particularly by supporting the creation of regional social economy poles in each region, a strategy which is also specified in the action plan. <br />
<br />
In the Quebec City area, social enterprises have a social economy pole composed of 27 members. It adopted a number of rules for that composition, including balance between cooperatives and non-profit organizations, parity between men and women, representation of the sub-regions (Charlevoix, Portneuf), and representation of the various activity sectors. The organization is part of the CRÉ de la Capitale-Nationale, and the latter confirmed the rules set for nomination of pole members .<br />
<br />
For the Quebec City region, the social economy offers a promising model, since the rate of survival for regular businesses after 10 years is just 19.5%, compared to 44% for cooperatives . Further more, because social economy businesses work so closely with their communities, they are committed to maintain their activities within the community and do not even think of ever “delocalizing”.<br />
<br />
<b>The City of Montreal’s policy </b><br />
In 2009, the City of Montreal inaugurated its Social Economy Partnership for Community-Based Sustainable Development, the first public municipal policy in this area in Canada. The partnership is the result of cooperation between social economy leaders and the City of Montreal.<br />
<br />
The partnership’s goals are to formally recognize the social economy’s contribution to the economic, social, and cultural development of the city; to support the social economy by drawing on the accomplishments of the past, by reinforcing existing means, and by adopting new methods to enable its growth; and to consolidate and increase the contribution of social economy members to the sustainable development of Quebec’s metropolis through the creation and development of collective businesses that meet citizen needs.<br />
<br />
The partnership intends to function in five main areas, which are: support for collective entrepreneurship, solidarity supply practices, integrated promotion of the social economy, an increased role for the social economy in major metropolitan development projects, and an expanded role for the social economy in improving the quality of life of citizens through action in culture, recreation, tourism, housing, and sustainable development.<br />
<br />
In 2007, turnover in the Montreal social economy was estimated at $2 billion. About 3600 establishments generated 61 500 jobs, representing 7% of total employment on the island of Montreal (as much as the tourism industry). <br />
<br />
<b>Cooperatives serving local populations </b><br />
Outside large urban centres, social economy businesses are often key to the very survival of towns and villages. <br />
<br />
Usually with the support of municipal governments, local populations have implemented activities to develop or maintain essential local services to avoid onerous travel and migration toward larger centres. These social economy initiatives prevent rural exodus and in some cases even reverse the trend.<br />
<br />
In the past 15 years, for example, over 40 health cooperatives have been created and are still operating in various regions of Quebec. Most of these cooperatives were established to ensure better access to primary health services. Clinics therefore offer one or several physicians and sometimes other professionals, such as nurses and pharmacists. This is because, in smaller communities, doctors have been abandoning their private practices to set up in larger centres, leaving local populations without this essential service.<br />
<br />
Citizens therefore created the cooperatives to establish a work infrastructure more appealing to doctors, including avoidance of lengthy travelling (50 to 100 kilometres) for basic medical attention. In most cases, either the municipality itself, the local Caisse Desjardins, or the two entities together, have initiated or guided the process of creating the cooperative (providing space, facilitating meetings for cooperative training, etc.). Usually, more than 80% of the local population is member of the cooperative. However, non-members have access to the services covered by the public health insurance plan.<br />
<br />
In many small towns and villages, essential services such as gas stations and grocery stores disappear due to their lack of sufficient returns for large corporate owners whose only criteria is economic profitability. Again, to avoid costly travel and loss of time, citizens and municipalities have worked together to create multi-service cooperatives to provide the community with basic services, including postal counters and Automated Teller Machines. The vast majority of these projects adopts a solidarity cooperative approach, which involves more than one category of member.<br />
<br />
<b>Challenges remain</b><br />
Although relations between local authorities and the social economy sector have been growing since 1998 through CLDs and CEDECs, they have often remained occasional or indirect, especially in regions where the social economy lacks a strong network. <br />
<br />
In the rural world, municipalities are often very active in implementing and supporting collective businesses. In many sectors, such as housing, recreation, culture, local and citizen services, and waste management, municipalities depend on social economy businesses to meet community needs. <br />
<br />
In urban areas, it has only been through the adoption of Montreal’s 2009 policy and the implementation of agreements under the Plan d’action gouvernemental pour l’entrepreneuriat collectif that formal partnerships between local authorities, through the CRÉs and social economy leaders in various regions, have developed, in part to promote and strengthen the social economy. In most regions, such partnerships are still in an initial phase and much remains to be done to consolidate them; however, they are already opening up an expansive work area to develop social economy businesses in each region that are capable of meeting citizen needs in every municipality of Quebec, whether in the environmental sector, sustainable transportation, or local services. <br />
<br />
Original article (in French and English) published in magazine Développement Social, Volume 12, No. 2, October 2011<br />
http://www.revueds.ca/<br />
<br />
<b>Our Newsletters are available on the WEB:</b><br />
http://local-development.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
<br />
<b>Message from the Editorial team</b><br />
The production of this Newsletter published in French, English, Spanish and Portuguese is entirely done by volunteers. <br />
We wish to thank the following volunteers for their support: <br />
Michel Colin (Brazil)<br />
Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada)<br />
Brunilda Rafael (France)<br />
We also want to thank the Policy Research Institute for the Civil Sector (PRICS) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the translation to Japanese.<br />
To contact us (for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-25314992514493564052011-10-02T16:59:00.000-07:002011-10-02T16:59:44.757-07:00<b>International Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #82<br />
October 1st 2011<br />
Summary<br />
<br />
Nyeleni Europe: an important step forward for the European Food Sovereignty movement<br />
<br />
Foundation Congress of RIPESS Europe, Solidarity Economy Network Barcelona, September 8th, 9th and 10th 2011<br />
Message from the Editorial Team</b><br />
<br />
Judith presents the progress of the food sovereignty movement in Europe. We are encouraged by the development of this approach, in all the different continents.<br />
We are also glad to share good news – the foundation of RIPESS Europe. Martine and Judith participated in this historic meeting, last September 8 to 10 in Barcelona.<br />
<br />
<br />
Editorial Team<br />
Judith Hitchman <br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<b>Nyeleni Europe: an important step forward <br />
for the European Food Sovereignty movement.</b><br />
<br />
From August 16th – 22nd, over 500 participants from 40 countries came together in Krems - Austria, to share their experience and develop the future of both networks and actions for increased food sovereignty in Europe.<br />
<br />
<b>Methodology and content</b><br />
<br />
The methodology, based on the first Nyeleni meeting held in Mali in 2007, ensured that all the groups and sub-groups were highly interactive. The programme was divided into 5 strands, dealing respectively with models of production, markets and organisation of distribution chains and food networks, social aspects and work conditions, access to land and other resources, and public policies. Particular attention was paid to ensure that at least 30% of those attending were young people, as well as to gender balance. There were also regional and constituency (farmers. NGOs, etc.) meetings, and many self-organised activities, as well as an excellent awareness raising fair and actions in one of the town’s many squares in the historic quarter. <br />
<br />
<b>Volunteers</b><br />
<br />
As befits such a meeting, food was all local and organic, and the excellent vegan (non-animal) meals were cooked by a team of volunteers, by far the highest standard of any catering for such large numbers that I have ever encountered. A large team of very dedicated volunteer interpreters covered a wide range of Eastern, Western, Southern and Northern European languages. <br />
<br />
<b>Characteristics of the week’s work</b><br />
<br />
The predominant aspect of the meeting was the dedicated working atmosphere, and how hard all the participants worked, in a quiet, constructive way. Was it because we were in a Central European country? The fact that there were so many incredibly committed young people present? Or the fact that in this time of crisis, that the obvious solution seems not just to criticise, but rather to build genuine alternatives to the neo-liberal system? <br />
<br />
Many networks like the Via Campesina, Urgenci, (the International Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) network), Friends of the Earth and other members of the Food Sovereignty movement were key actors in the process. Questions like CSA and other forms of direct sales, access to public procurement for local small-scale producers, participatory guarantee systems (PGS) as peer-to-peer alternative certification for organic producers, the need for regulations that favour small-scale family farming and processing rather than industrialisation, GMO-free agriculture and freedom to exchange and sell farm seeds, were all perceived as the way forward to a European Food Sovereignty movement of economic and social alternatives, and a move towards territorial social dialogue between multiple stakeholders at all levels.<br />
It was an inspiring week, particularly with so many energetic and dedicated young people present.<br />
<br />
The Nyeleni Europe Final Declaration can be found on the website at www.nyelenieurope.net.<br />
<br />
Judith Hitchman<br />
<br />
<b>Foundation Congress of RIPESS Europe, Solidarity Economy Network Barcelona, September 8th, 9th and 10th 2011.</b><br />
<br />
In line with the RIPESS International strategy, and two years after the 4th meeting of Globalisation of Solidarity that was held in the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, around a hundred delegates and representatives of European Networks founded RIPESS Europe. This event was held on a shoetring budget, and could not have succeeded without the mobilisation and efficient, convivial organisation by XES, Xarxa Economia Solidaria, both members of the Spanish REAS network. Around 50 people were accommodated in people’s homes! The countries present were : Belgium, Catalunya, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxemburg, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Romania. There was also a delegation from the neighbouring Mediterranean countries of Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt.<br />
<br />
The Congress agenda included the discussion and validation of proposals that had been prepared by a Committee of active members involved in the preparation of the European Lux’09 Forum in April 2009. They included a Manifesto, and the Articles of Association. A first Organising Committee was designated. It is made up of a balanced panel of national platforms, regional and inter-regional, sectorial and inter-sectorial networks, resource people and researchers.<br />
<br />
The broad outlines of the activities for the next two years were determined based after sharing the work that was carried out in 6 Work Groups:<br />
GT1-- Mapping, extension, identity and cooperation<br />
GT2 Social Services of General Interest (SSGI), the relationship between the public sector and SSE.<br />
GT3 - Territorial development, solidarity economy, food sovereignty, local pacts : what convergence for building collective solutions?<br />
GT4 – Responsible consumption, fair trade and solidarity tourism, ethical finance: building a social market. <br />
GT5 - SSE as an alternative to the capitalist market<br />
GT6 – RIPESS Europe : strategies, positions, methods and added value: how to be fully present in the European debate. <br />
<br />
The transversal territorial approach particularly emphasized by the European P’ACTES plays an important part in the foundation process: with Priscila Soarès, a woman with 30 years experience in participatory regional development in the Algarve, in the South of Portugal as female delegate, and France Joubert. GT3 set the objective of creating convergence through learning journeys, as a useful tool for learning from one another. 2 or 3 are planned for 2012: Morocco, Catalunya, and Romania. <br />
From a collective of actors to a collective actor, the conditions are now right for Europe to make its contribution to the great transition!<br />
<br />
<b>Announcement</b><br />
<br />
The Intercontinental Network for the Promotion of the Social Solidarity Economy (RIPESS) has a new website, in French, in English and in Spanish.<br />
www.ripess.orgi<br />
It will be updated regularly with news and announcements. <br />
Take note that you can now subscribe on the website for regular updates and news.<br />
<br />
<b>Our Newsletters are available on the WEB:</b><br />
http://local-development.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
<br />
<b>Message from the Editorial team</b><br />
The production of this Newsletter published in French, English, Spanish and Portuguese is entirely done by volunteers. <br />
We wish to thank the following volunteers for their support: <br />
Michel Colin (Brazil)<br />
Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada)<br />
Brunilda Rafael (France)<br />
We also want to thank the Policy Research Institute for the Civil Sector (PRICS) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the translation to Japanese.<br />
To contact us (for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-87697753707697941002011-09-05T06:14:00.000-07:002011-09-05T06:14:16.084-07:00<b>International Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #81<br />
September 1st 2011<br />
Summary<br />
<br />
<br />
Message from the Editorial Team</b><br />
<br />
In this issue, we are pleased to present an article on social and solidarity economy in China. It is the summary of the academic work of a Chinese student (who prefers to remain anonymous) at an American university. As you will see, people in China have also realised that cooperation and pooling energy and resources is the best way to achieving collective and individual improvement. This is in spite of the official ideology that has been implemented since 1979. This was when everything was privatised in China. Towns were broken up into individual properties and companies established with capitalist articles of incorporation, including shareholders. Nevertheless in the Chinese rural areas, some people failed to accept this turn of affairs, and maintained a shared collective approach. Others came back to it after some time. These villages became a reference in the poor rural areas of China. The per capita income was often ten times higher than the national average. More recently, many small-scale farmers’ cooperatives have been created to sell local produce, which helps protect individual producers from middlemen. About 13% of Chinese small-scale farmers are members of these cooperatives, and the income of these families is higher than that of individual farmers. This shows remarkable progress, as in many cases these cooperatives were created without the support of local authorities. The Central Government is beginning to admit that this is a positive development, and has established dedicated funds to support such projects. One major consideration is obviously to avoid any further increase to the rural migration to urban areas. It is indeed a recognised fact that it is rural poverty that causes this migration.<br />
<br />
We never cease to wonder at the strength of local community-driven initiatives throughout the world, when people realise how much their situation and lives can be improved by pooling their efforts. Even in China, in spite of the reigning individualism, farmers and fisherfolk, coffee and banana growers are deciding to improve their living conditions by working together. As we have often shown in previous articles, when people decide to work together, they often start paying attention to other vital issues like housing, health and education. This also leads to a sustainable approach to their future and that of our planet, one that is similar to that of indigenous peoples who have a proverb that says “Development should be thought out for seven generations”.<br />
We are not trying to pretend that this is the antidote to all capitalist markets. Nevertheless, it is obvious that this represents both a means of resisting and building solidarity and cooperation, that we believe will eventually replace the current dominant predatory and unsustainable model. <br />
<br />
Editorial Team<br />
Judith Hitchman <br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<b>Social Solidarity Economy in Rural China</b><br />
<br />
Under the new communist leadership, China implemented a full land reform from 1949 to 1953. Land was taken from the landlords and distributed to the peasants. Starting in 1958, the government organised communes so that the peasants could organise large-scale farming with machinery, marketing and some manufacturing. In 1979, the new leadership decided to privatize the land to the farmers and the collectively owned industries were sold to private capitalists. <br />
<br />
The reason invoked for this change was that the peasants in the communes had no individual motivation. This new system was called Household Responsibility System. In most communes, peasants agreed, or were forced to agree to the new system. However, a few refused and decided to remain as communes. For many of those who went to the new system, they went backwards. Tractors and other machinery were scrapped since they were not needed. But, many farmers could not even afford to buy a horse or an ox for work. This led to much poverty and this is recognized as one to the reasons that has forced tens of millions of people to move to large industrial urban areas in China.<br />
<br />
Today, some of these communes show great success:<br />
• The 30,000 villagers of <b>Huaxi</b> now have reached a total yearly income of 10 billion yuan (approximately 1.5 billion US). Besides farming, they own a steel plant, a horticulture company, a clothing plant, and others. The total sales revenue in 2010 was 50 billion yuan (8 billion US). This allows the village to provide free health services, education (up to PHD), housing, retirement benefits and other needs of the villagers.<br />
• <b>Nanjie</b> village is located in a poor, agricultural province, Henan. The villagers collectively own Nanjie Group, which consists of 29 companies involved in food processing, ink production, pharmaceuticals, handicrafts, plastics, printing, farming and travel services. Similar to Huaxi, all basic public services, such as education, health care, housing and retirement benefits are freely provided by the commune. The village population is 3400, yet there are 7260 employees. Interestingly, jobs in agriculture are better paid than in factories since its considered harder work. The household income is about ten times more that average villages in the region.<br />
• <b>Xixiakou</b> village, a commune in Shandong has a population of 1300. Over a 40-year span since 1970, this fishing village has accumulated more than 6 billion yuans worth of assets. Most households have private cars and the commune also built the largest zoo in Shandong Province.<br />
• <b>Liuzhuang,</b> a commune in Henan with a population of 1700, was still deep in poverty in the 1980s. By 2009, it has raised the disposable income of members to 23,000 yuans per capita, more than ten times the national average. <br />
<br />
In recent years, there has been a huge increase in collective enterprises, using the name «cooperative» which is less politically sensitive than «commune» which is identified to the Maoist era.<br />
<br />
In Shanxi Province alone, there were more than 24,000 rural cooperatives (Han Yuhai, Peking University, 2010). Since 2003, the central government, understanding that relying only on individual households was not the best option has recognized that organising rural cooperatives was a way for these peasants to grow out of poverty. Otherwise, the peasants are pushed away from their land through forced land sales and renting. The government has devoted special funds to help reorganize rural households into cooperatives. By 2006, rural cooperatives covered 13.8% of the Chinese rural population. Even if much smaller in scale than the communes mentioned above, the income of their members is at least 20-30% higher than peasants who are not involved in any cooperative. The rationale behind the cooperatives is the same as communes – collective savings, higher investment, and shared profit. For example, they can buy vehicles to transport products instead of being totally dependant on middlemen. They can collectively own machinery and purchase goods. <br />
<br />
Rural areas in China are facing huge challenges in irrigation. Individual households cannot take care of this system. Allocation of water to each lot of land is a huge problem. In a few rural areas, such as in Jiangxi Province, farmers still collectively run the irrigation system. In most of China, the irrigation system is in bad shape. This is why the central government is planning to spend 620 billion dollars in the next ten years on irrigation, since it has to pay for everything. This is why collective management and maintenance of irrigation is the only long-term approach to sustainable growth of agricultural production (Li Changping). Since the People’s daily has articles on these subjects, it shows growing awareness in China about these alternatives approaches. <br />
<br />
The Chinese student says in her closing remarks. The prospect of the rural cooperatives is yet to be confirmed by future developments. Nevertheless, it is increasingly clear that a system where everyone cares about nothing other than one’s self interest does not truly maximize the welfare of individuals. <br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
News about Nanjie (in English)<br />
BBC: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8278128.stm<br />
<br />
<b>Our Newsletters are available on the WEB:</b><br />
http://local-development.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
<br />
<b>Message from the Editorial team</b><br />
The production of this Newsletter published in French, English, Spanish and Portuguese is entirely done by volunteers. <br />
We wish to thank the following volunteers for their support: <br />
Michel Colin (Brazil)<br />
Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland)<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada)<br />
Brunilda Rafael (France)<br />
We also want to thank the Policy Research Institute for the Civil Sector (PRICS) of Seikatsu Club in Japan for the translation to Japanese.<br />
<br />
To contact us (for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.ca<br />
Yvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-74170618825990194872011-07-03T08:13:00.000-07:002011-07-03T08:13:47.085-07:00<b>International Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #80<br />
July 1st 2010<br />
Summary<br />
<br />
Objectives of the RIO+20 Summit<br />
<br />
Message from the Editorial Team</b><br />
<br />
The 1992 Rio Summit can be credited with putting environmental concerns and principles of sustainable development on the agenda of global policy issues. The representatives of the socio-economic world, states and civil society have been obliged to confront reality: how to transform the production model and consumption to ensure a viable future for both humanity and the biosphere. Twenty years later, we have come to the realization that resources are limited, and we know that the classical solutions of economic recovery will be powerless to solve problems. Globally, the situation has worsened: there is more enduring poverty, and extreme poverty is increasing in less developed countries. Food dependency has risen, social and economic inequalities are more marked. There is a loss of biodiversity, unsustainable pressures on ecosystems, accelerating climate change and global warming.<br />
The question is whether we are now able to break away from the political schizophrenia, with one side promoting fair and sustainable green solutions, and the other demanding strategies and actions that are clearly heading in the opposite direction, in the name of competitiveness and free trade. The real challenge of RIO + 20 will be to redefine the debate on the basis of these realities. The event is scheduled to take place in Brazil, June 4th – 6th 2012. It will indeed be difficult to achieve a political determination to reach consensus. If we, as society, allow ourselves to become trapped in the cacophony of partial or biased views or expert solutions that have no democratic basis, if we do not bring concrete systemic proposals to the negotiation table, who will do so? As we wrote in the Newsletter #78 (May 2011), we believe that alternative approaches are more realistic than the irresponsibility that currently prevails at the top, and that has generated the current crisis. The urgent outcry of "freedom" by people to abolish autocratic and self-proclaimed regimes and the indignation of the world's youth whose future is at stake, are good reasons not to despair. The new generation is taking its place, and asking how it can transform the unacceptable into hope.<br />
<br />
This issue of our Newsletter is devoted to initiatives involved in the framework of preparation for the Earth Summit. Until June 2012, we plan to relay those specific dynamics that assert citizens’ participation as a viable political choice. Active participation of communities is an essential aspect if we are to successfully change course. People need to solve the issues that concern them. The global and the local cannot be separated.<br />
<br />
RIPESS International will contribute to the intercontinental exchange: The FBES (Brazilian Forum of Solidarity Economy) is actively involved in the umbrella organization of Brazilian NGOs and social movements that is leading the preparation of a People's Summit to be hosted in Rio de Janeiro from June 4th – 6th 2012. It is a call to join and contribute to "Reinvent the world."<br />
<br />
The next issue will be published on September 1st <br />
<br />
<i>We are pleased to inform you that our newsletter is now available in Japanese. It is translated by Yuko Wada of the Policy Research Institute for the Civil Sector (PRICS) of the Seikatsu Club Co-operative Union of Japan. The latest available issue is number 78. It is available on request.</i><br />
<br />
Editorial Team<br />
Judith Hitchman <br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<br />
<b> The Objectives of the RIO+20 Summit</b><br />
According to the UN resolution A/RES/64/236 - the Conference has three objectives: to obtain a renewed political commitment for sustainable development, evaluate progress and difficulties in the implementation of desired outcomes, and meet new and emerging challenges. The Conference will have two official themes: 1) green economy in the context of poverty eradication and sustainable development and, 2) the institutional framework for sustainable development. It is clear that we need to go further than this.<br />
The green economy, a new oxymoron, does not guarantee the fundamental principle of sustainability or the commitment to fight consumerism, individualism or short-termism. The concept does not fit with democracy, the fourth component added to the Curitiba Charter in 1992 to the 3 others (economic, ecological and social). It remains a very weak link, used to launch the implementation of Agenda 21. A critical and constructive assessment at international level would be of great interest to all.<br />
The institutional framework, the principle of national sovereignty and the right to compete for economic activities are inappropriate or contrary to the implementation of the principles of higher interest. We hope to advance this idea by promoting binding agreements.<br />
Finally, how can we establish legitimate authority in a world where interactions are enmeshed? What is our individual responsibility in terms of economy, society, culture and nature? How can we link these major areas with one another and to our own lives?<br />
<br />
The unprecedented context requires us to invent new answers.<br />
<br />
<b>The creation of the French RIO + 20 Collective<br />
</b><br />
In late 2010, a small group of organizations led by the 4D Association began the initiative of involving as many actors as possible in the transition towards a new state of the world in the twenty-first century. It now brings together many different civil society actors as well as trade unions. It has two objectives:<br />
Consider possible change and make concrete proposals in 5 working groups. Each group will produce a 10-page discussion paper, highlighting both disagreement and consensus. This will then feed into proposals for formal negotiations aimed at stimulating debate and public discussion.<br />
Prepare to mobilize by examining events in France from an international perspective, working jointly with our international partners on other continents to input content that is relevant to the general public, as well as on projects that create change and a shift to a different paradigm, that support the transition, and advocate the need for international solidarity.<br />
<br />
Since March 2011, the <b>Europeans P'ACTS </b>have joined the Work Group on the green economy.<br />
Their involvement on this subject has enabled the collective to put forward its views to:<br />
<br />
1. The <b>French RIO + 20 </b>Collective to illustrate ideas through examples and declarations and to propose Rebuilding the Economy on a territorial basis. :<br />
"Territories perform core functions in the coordination of relations between actors and between different levels and scales in society; they also allow people to invent answers to key issues in the real economy and invent ways for “how to live together”. Territories must therefore be recognized as social and economic actors in their own right.<br />
<br />
Organised answers to issues of employment, food, sustainable local development, culture, funding, local services, transportation, and citizenship all exist at territorial level.... These projects already act as a lever for the local economy. The organisations involved have various legal statuses, both for profit and non-profit making; they all reject and work outside the existing economic system that is solely aimed at profit making. They also produce and reinvest profits and create territorial social capital”.<br />
<br />
2. The European debate: Priscila Soares, Project Coordinator at In LOCO Association (Algarve, Portugal), a member of P'ACTS, participated in the «Public Consultation on the EU position for the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development»<br />
<br />
<b>Two proposals she made are of particular interest:<br />
</b><br />
The place of <b>Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)</b> in the transition: <br />
“The Global Compact Initiative mainly involves big corporations (…), but it would be much needed to mobilize the Small and Medium Enterprises too. Nor UN neither one of its bodies can reach them directly but it is possible to approach, to promote and to encourage experiences and movements all over the world that count on the involvement of SME in local and regional processes oriented towards sustainable development and participatory democracy. This option will open to the understanding of how SME serve the communities and territories they are associated with and how they are interconnected with other actors also implied in the same experiences and movements.”<br />
<br />
The <b>second is how P’ACTS </b>targets a specific European level:<br />
“The European Union needs to be a more coherent reality – in political, social and economic terms – in order to play a key role at the Summit. Without an intrinsic change in that direction UE will lose the capacity to furnish new ideas and the credibility to mobilize citizens, civil society organizations or states around them. How can Europe ensure a generous financial support for governance and capacity building if there is no common European position in relation to the financing of UN and its bodies?<br />
EU can and should mobilize the European civil society for a deep engagement in the preparation of the Summit, in the event and in the subsequent dynamics.<br />
Following its tradition EU can and should propose and promote a large and deep participation of civil society in the process of achieving Sustainable Development at European, national, regional and local levels. By doing so Europe will pursue this main goal within its territory and will provide examples and models of governance that can be useful and inspiring at international level. <br />
In parallel EU can promote the integration of sustainability responsibilities into corporate social responsibility, improving and enlarging its conceptual and for-action framework.<br />
Equally important it would be to integrate the European Sustainable Development Strategy in the European Strategy 2020, overcoming a fragmented and sectoral approach to sustainable development.<br />
On the other side, it seems clearly necessary to strengthen UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) but the possibility of creating a World Environmental Organisation has to be pondered in order to avoid multiplying the UN bodies without assuring the transversal coordination among them?”<br />
<br />
3- The roadmap for the <b>European Network </b>of Social and Solidarity Economy that plans to hold its Foundation Congress in Barcelona, September 9th and 10th 2011. P’ACTS will jointly be leading a work group with the Catalonia Solidarity Economy Network « Xarxa d'economia solidària » (XES) on SSE, territorial development, and food sovereignty: what convergence can we jointly build? <br />
In French: http://wiki.ripesseu.net/index.php/Groupe_de_travail_3<br />
<br />
<b>4- Share useful information through the international Newsletter<br />
<br />
<b></b>Information on civil society mobilisation :</b><br />
Article 21 of Resolution 64/236 of March 2010: « …Commits all major groups to active participation in the preparatory activities at all stages ». A stakeholder Forum will take place beforehand to promote the participation of civil society organisations with links to the UN. It is worth bearing in mind that the UN considers NGOs, trade unions, companies, Local Authorities, scientific communities, women, youth, farmers, indigenous peoples as these major civil society groups.<br />
http://www.earthsummit2012.org <br />
<br />
<b>Existing mobilisation:</b><br />
<br />
The facilitation Committee of Brazilian civil society was founded on 3rd November 2010 at the instigation of Brazilian environmental and social organisations and Brazilian social movements. It is called « The Peoples’ Summit » and is characterised by « its independence. It aims to combine plurality with the possibility to dialogue with official bodies and other dynamic sectors ». <br />
http://www.ong-ngo.org/IMG/pdf/CALL_FOR_CSFC_RIO20_final.pdf<br />
http://vitaecivilis.org/rio2012/images/stories/pub/Venez_reinventer_le_monde_a_Rio.pdf<br />
<br />
The Peoples’ Summit has essentially been initiated and supported by IBASE. (Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicas) (in Portuguese) http://www.ibase.br/ <br />
The Foundation for the Progress of Humankind is devoting its resources and those of several of their partners’ to the preparation of the Peoples’ Summit. The following website has been created to « provide an overall vision of international mobilisation. »<br />
www.rio20.net in 4 languages<br />
<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
For more information (in French and partially in English)<br />
www.association4d.org/<br />
www.affinitiz.net/space/rio2012 a space to facilitate exchanges between members of the RIO+20 Collective<br />
The following are available in English and Portuguese:<br />
Calendar of events concerning Rio-2012<br />
http://collectif-france.rio20.net/files/2011/06/Agenda_RIO_20_2011_2012.pdf <br />
UNEP Green Economy report: http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Our Newsletters are available on the WEB:</b><br />
http://local-development.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
<br />
<b>Special thanks to:</b><br />
Brunilda Rafael (France) for the Spanish translation<br />
Michel Colin (Brazil) for the Portuguese translation<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada) for the English translation <br />
Judith Hitchman for the final revision of the English version.<br />
<br />
To contact us (for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-9368933798427268962011-06-01T08:45:00.001-07:002011-06-01T08:45:34.018-07:00<b>International Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #79 – June 1st, 2011<br />
Summary<br />
Message from the Editorial Team<br />
Summary<br />
<br />
Barcelona Consensus Declaration 1.0<br />
Announcement: RIPESS Info #18<br />
<br />
<br />
Editorial Message </b><br />
<br />
After more than ten years, the World Social Forum has helped civil society to develop many networks that have now become internationally recognised. But the vocation of the Forum has never been action-oriented : it is a place for exchange and networking. This has, over the years led to some understandable frustration for those networks that want to reach beyond mere discussion, and the resulting creation of some networks that reach beyond the World Social Forum, even though many of the participants are also active within the WSF process. This is the case of the Via Campesina and the Assembly of Social Movements that brings together many different networks.<br />
In this issue we would like to share one of the initiatives led by movements that, although in many cases involved in the WSF process, have decided to come together with others to create an action called The Barcelona Consensus. Given the number of organisations, it would be unfair to name some and not others. All the names of the people and structures that have participated to date are listed on-line in the annex of the declaration at www.barcelonaconsensus.org<br />
The Barcelona Consensus is a process that began in 2008, under the guidance of Marti Olivella of Nova in Barcelona, Catalonia. The initiative is born from the desire to act and build sustainable alternatives. 250 thinkers and leaders of social movements from around the world have contributed to developing shared objectives. <br />
As of May 3rd, when the Barcelona Consensus was officially launched, any organisation may sign up to the Barcelona Consensus, and choose which of the 67 objectives they wish to implement as a Transition Plan. This is a concrete way of making other worlds possible, and making sure that the actions and alternatives are firmly rooted in sustainable local development, that are the core preoccupation of our Newsletter. Judith had the privilege of taking part in the Consensus meeting in Barcelona, as usual in the role of interpreter. She felt that the Declaration would interest all our readers. It is a truly global approach to linking up actions that can contribute to sustainable change. <br />
The public ceremony to launch to Declaration was a truly multicultural event. As well as the four « official » languages interpreted by the team of volunteers (Catalan, Spanish, English and French), those delegates who took part in the ceremony also read part of the text in their native tongues : Kiswahili, Bambara, Chinese, Kikuyu, Hindi, Lithuanian, Philipino, Burmese and Togolais… !. Enabling people to express themselves in their own language is a powerful indication of the intentions of the Barcelona Consensus to act at grass-roots level.<br />
Editorial Team<br />
Judith Hitchman <br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<b>Barcelona Consensus Declaration 1.0<br />
Committing to a Sustainable and People-centred World for All<br />
<br />
<br />
People deserve a decent life, simply because they are human</b><br />
<br />
The current global situation is unacceptable: it is structurally violent, unjust and unsustainable. We are living through one of the most decisive periods in the history of humankind, both in terms of gravity and scope. A crisis of consciousness and responsibility underlies our current predicament. Most current leaders have shown neither the ability nor the willingness to radically renew the existing economic or decision-making structures. Nor have they adopted the values needed to drive a transformation.<br />
We live not in a time of change, but a change of times. Citizens and communities can and must respond to this multiple crisis, which threatens to engulf us all. We acknowledge innovative social political and economic practices; we witness the awakening of peoples; and uphold the sovereignty of all persons to choose their own destiny. <br />
In order to re-build a sustainable and people-centred world for all, we must ensure that each and every person has access to adequate resources for the sustainable and equitable satisfaction of their basic needs. <br />
We propose a new social, political and economic contract, promoted by people and communities, engaging with institutions, governments and business from different territories to build an alternative to the Washington Consensus. <br />
The progressively implemented proposals of the Barcelona Consensus and related actions will enable us to achieve a gradual transition from a culture of constraints, domination, violence and war, to one of dialogue, conciliation, partnership and peace. We shall move from a culture of force to a culture of words, facilitated by remote electronic participation and innovative policies being pursued by some countries.<br />
The new social contract, represented by the Barcelona Consensus, is an urgent call to reorganise our societies and to rearticulate our presence on Earth. In practical terms we propose the collective creation of Transition Plans , as ways to implement robust nonviolent processes. These shall have clear goals, methods and timelines for execution. <br />
We call on all people in all communities to freely and deliberately commit to implementing a Transition Plan in their respective territories and fields of action (neighbourhood, town, city, sector, organisation, etc.). Summoning the imagination of everyone everywhere, together we can create a sustainable and people-centred future for all.<br />
These plans will enable all groups to select shared goals to implement the following transitions:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
1. Transition to a participatory and deliberative democracy in order to:<br />
• Involve society in the selection of political policies for resource management and equitable distribution.<br />
• Avoid weak or poor implementation of laws and strengthen the legitimacy of the rule of law.<br />
• Guarantee social, health and education services and the protection of the common good of the entire population.<br />
• Eliminate corruption and improve public management, prioritising participatory budgets; introduce information and public administration systems that guarantee the right to access information; transparency and accountability of governments.<br />
• Facilitate the participation of vulnerable groups, first of all, women, in collective decision-making, promoting democratic practices and organisations, with effective representation, parity of men and women, in all fields.<br />
<br />
2. Transition to environmental sustainability in order to:<br />
• Revive a vision of human life as interdependent, intrinsically linked to living beings, nature, sun, air, water and Earth.<br />
• Generate a new sustainable lifestyle, responsible consumption and the use of renewable energies, and progressively reduce fossil fuels and nuclear energy.<br />
• Promote models for the regeneration and decentralisation of human settlements.<br />
• Establish and apply stricter national and global tax policies for sustainability, introducing ecological taxes, penalties and ecologic and social incentives.<br />
• Protect the rights of present and future generations and extend the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court to environmental and economic crimes. <br />
<br />
3. Transition to a social, equitable and sustainable economy in order to:<br />
• Drastically revise the economic system and lifestyle, and replace misleading economic indicators.<br />
• Stop land grabbing and the seizing of natural resources, as well as the concentration of wealth, property and power, applying the principle of “Those who have more or earn more, contribute more.”<br />
• Guarantee the right to dignified work , to a basic income and a decent living as this is a human right. <br />
• Abandon the “development aid” policies that have become a way of exploiting people and resources, and establish global cooperation and exchange systems based on solidarity.<br />
• Replace unrestricted competition with cooperation and self-management and promote the “relocalization” of production and services.<br />
4. Transition to a non-speculative financial system in order to:<br />
• Prosecute speculative financial activities, tax financial transactions and effectively abolish tax havens.<br />
• Limit public indebtedness to the financial system, and recover financial sovereignty with public, social and transparent authority for monetary creation.<br />
• Prevent money from being a means of profit and money for its own sake, and introduce alternative and transparent monetary systems under social and public control.<br />
• Free people from slavery to servicing a public foreign debt, through renegotiation, debt relief or unilateral cancellation.<br />
• Prevent banks from supporting businesses and projects that are hazardous for life and the planet and favour ethical financing.<br />
<br />
5. Transition to a society of shared knowledge and democratic communication in order to:<br />
• Consider and evaluate knowledge and the capacity to generate it, as well as to share it, as a common heritage of humanity.<br />
• Prevent control of intellectual resources, the media and communication systems by large multinational corporations and/or political parties and support media by the people and for the people. <br />
• Prevent the manipulation of the emerging information and communication society, giving access and control to all.<br />
• Promote more open models of multidisciplinary scientific research and exchange of knowledge. <br />
• Prioritise the right to health and life, and the right of all people to receive adequate healthcare and medical treatment, as opposed to paying royalties on medical patents.<br />
<br />
6. Transition to a world beyond war and violence in order to:<br />
• Move towards a more peaceful world, and oppose the structural causes of war and violence.<br />
• Promote peaceful co-existence, tolerance and respect for sexual, religious, ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversity, and to oppose patriarchy, femicide, caste segregation and racial prejudice.<br />
• Advance disarmament, particularly through the prohibition of all weapons of mass destruction.<br />
• Eliminate structural impunity for trafficking of human beings, organs, weapons, drugs, and money-laundering.<br />
• Reinforce the right of peoples and communities to resist injustice.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
7. Transition to a democratic world governance, in order to:<br />
• Prevent plutocracy – the power of money, and progress towards an inclusive democratic world governance system based on the interests of people not of countries, including a reformed United Nations System. <br />
• Guarantee global security and coordinated action aimed at reducing the impact of catastrophes caused by humans or nature.<br />
• Ensure that the norms and entities of international regulation act in the public interest, in accordance with the new social and human objectives of “buen vivir” and are respectful towards the environment.<br />
• Protect the human rights of migrants and progressively open migratory flows, working towards the free movement of persons.<br />
• Escape from the global financial disarray caused by speculators and the International Financial Institutions, and create a new financial system and global reserve currency.<br />
As we move forward with these transitions, we pledge to take urgent actions for survival, in order to:<br />
• Eradicate hunger and malnutrition locally and globally, and provide clean drinking water and adequate sanitation.<br />
• Confront the damage caused by “development” and climate change in impoverished countries.<br />
• Avoid having recourse to armed interventions and wars, even if they are pursued in the name of “democracy”.<br />
The financing of the proposed shared objectives can be obtained through savings made on the cost to society of weapons, corruption, tax havens and illegal trafficking, and through increasing resources thanks to social funding and public monetary creation, as well as the taxing of financial transactions and unsustainable activities and introducing a wealth tax. <br />
And as people or groups in transition, we commit ourselves to exercising our rights as citizens not to cooperate with, collaborate with, buy from, serve or obey organisations or institutions that prevent or hinder the transition.<br />
People and groups thereby take responsibility for choosing their own objectives and carry out their own transition strategies , sharing their proposals, actions and results with the community formed around this declaration.<br />
All organisations may also commit to annually proposing and implementing initiatives for agreed Actions for a Common Transformation (ACT!) .<br />
<br />
To this end<br />
<br />
WE PLEDGE OUR SUPPORT AND COMMITMENT TO TAKE PART IN, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT TRANSITION PLANS FOR A SUSTAINABLE PEOPLE-CENTRED WORLD FOR ALL<br />
<br />
Barcelona, 3rd May 2011<br />
www.barcelonaconsensus.org<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPGCobqPl6300J5e-a9NRWG4V8aVWQtM6IvIlRAa6ikOOAyD6yXm6m5aAp-9nslueUgcyNqE4VjQx6Oj1mVIRVbEG3O3VGlDVzDarPDDUyXedljEejZhCQZX1dBaZkxMfJi-w9/s1600/Mapa+BC+Encuentro+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style=""><img border="0" height="283" width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPGCobqPl6300J5e-a9NRWG4V8aVWQtM6IvIlRAa6ikOOAyD6yXm6m5aAp-9nslueUgcyNqE4VjQx6Oj1mVIRVbEG3O3VGlDVzDarPDDUyXedljEejZhCQZX1dBaZkxMfJi-w9/s400/Mapa+BC+Encuentro+%25282%2529.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<br />
Announcement: RIPESS Info #18<br />
<br />
The Intercontinental Network for the Promotion of the Social Solidarity Economy (RIPESS) has recently published RIPESS Info #18.<br />
<br />
Available in French, English and Spanish at :<br />
http://www.chantier.qc.ca/?module=document&uid=1034<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Our Newsletters are available online:</b><br />
http://developpementlocal.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
<br />
Our thanks to:<br />
Brunilda Rafael (France) for the Spanish translation <br />
Michel Colin (Brazil) for the Portuguese translation<br />
Judith Hitchman (France / Ireland) for the English translation<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada) for proof reading (FR-EN)<br />
<br />
Contact (for information, to subscribe or unsubscribe)<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-22417273058704003962011-05-01T07:47:00.000-07:002011-05-01T07:47:18.536-07:00<b>International Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #78 – May 1st, 2011<br />
Summary<br />
Message from the Editorial Team<br />
Summary<br />
<br />
RIPESS - Press Release <br />
FIESS – Programme and registration <br />
<br />
Editorial Message </b><br />
<br />
The Board meeting of RIPESS national that was held in Paris from March 28th – 31st is the basis of the main news item for the 78th number of our Newsletter. This was the first time since 2009 that almost all the Board members had been able to get together for long enough to have time to become familiar with each others’ activities and discuss fundamental questions and stakes. This was all possible thanks to the invitation extended by the FPH (Fondation pour le Progrès de l’Homme) in the context of their partnership with the RIPESS coordination; Nancy Neamtan of the Chantier de l’Economie Sociale du Québec currently takes rsponsibility for duties of the secretariat.. It flags an important moment that marks both the conclusion and a fresh starting point for the solidarity economy movement as a whole. Key issues were ironed out, ensuring that values are genuinely shared. There was agreement on the roadmap for the collective project of the next two years; it will be carried forward by a truly international team, grounded in concrete practice and implemented at intercontinental level. A work procedure and timeline were built around an international citizens’ agenda. The first stages are included in the Press Release published on April 6th. We have included it in this issue.<br />
For all three of us, this was a particularly satisfying moment, as our ongoing involvement enabled us to participate in the non-official business of the Board’s exchange. It is also very encouraging, and helps inspire us to continue our work of sharing information on community and local initiatives, as well as events in the networks we are in contact with at global level. There is a clear commitment to mutualisation and proving what works by illustrating through existing examples, as well as organising new forms and levels of solidarity. The approach includes a clearer perspective of how to link the global to the local, and to reconstruct an economy that is grounded in our respective local territories. And far from being a contradiction, the global dimension is present in the local. This is all very concrete; it is still however very complex to gain acceptance for democratic complementarities and cooperation in terms of local practice, general organisation, regulation and behaviour... It involves huge challenges to achieve a peaceful shift to new development perspectives, to reduce inequalities, stop the destruction of natural resources, move away from nuclear energy and gain acceptance for the idea of transforming the dominant growth model that is not a viable one. How can we manage to move forward from the current situation to a planet that will be viable for us all to share? <br />
Two requests that were made during the meeting focus on the alternative dimension that solidarity economy has already considered in recent decades. Members of RIPESS whose countries are in Regions that are currently witnessing popular uprisings against dictatorships wonder how they can help the democratic culture of their societies to develop. Our networks have accumulated collective learning experiences, but we have yet to invent ways and means for supporting transfers of this scale; it is a real challenge for citizenship and global peace. Our Japanese friends have also sent us an appeal. They are coping with the consequences of a situation that is not of their making: they have requested we revive discussion on the nuclear issue, as nuclear disasters are destructive of all the most fundamental aspects of life. For aid to be effective, local solidarity is the first essential step; but medium and long term perspectives for developing the kind of world we want for future generations, means reopening discussion on these issues. If we fail to discuss the kind of future we want, how can we achieve a strong enough consensus to stay the course? And given our experience and outcomes we have already achieved, if we don’t take up these issues, who else will do so?<br />
Our Newsletter hopes to contribute to these perspectives through its ongoing editorial line: independent, bottom-up, our modest voluntary contribution to a commitment to share concrete examples and collective convergence that will help us all become more influential and develop our ability to speak up. We remain convinced that alternative approaches are a more realistic option today, that they are more desirable than the current irresponsibility, accelerated by its own impetus, and that reigns at the highest levels and is driving us all towards destruction. We have always attached great importance since we started publishing our Newsletter, to building solidarity that reaches across cultural and linguistic divides. That is why we publish in four languages, because there is still far too little exchange of knowledge and too few horizontal relationships between local inhabitants wherever they happen to live, with those in other countries, who speak other languages, at different levels of society, with those who are also trying to build and gain recognition for new forms of solidarity, aimed at changing our current model of society.<br />
So we would like to call on all of you, as subscribers to this Newsletter, to express your opinion on the usefulness, the subjects and content, as well as sending us your ideas for increasing and multiplying the impacts...so that we can all join in helping these objectives to develop in the current difficult times. And publish more of your stories in the various parts of the world.<br />
Editorial Team<br />
Judith Hitchman <br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<br />
Participants at the RIPESS meeting in Paris <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e8cV9vd94pY/Tb1yLBgwMOI/AAAAAAAAABs/azma2h_j8nQ/s1600/Paris-02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="220" width="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e8cV9vd94pY/Tb1yLBgwMOI/AAAAAAAAABs/azma2h_j8nQ/s400/Paris-02.jpg" /></a></div>Seated: Jean-François Aubin (Canada), Françoise Wautiez (France), Emily Kawano (United States), Judith Hitchman (Ireland), Martine Theveniaut (France)¸Alejandra Garcia Paton (France), Nancy Neamtan (Canada), Yves Tixier (France) Standing: Madani Koumaré (Mali), Ana Leighton (Chile), Christine Gent (United Kingdom), Noureddine El Harrak (Morocco), Daniel Tygel (Brazil), Ben Quiñones (Philippines), Carlos Amorìn (Uruguay), Éric Lavillunière (Luxemburg). Denison Jayasooria (Malaysia), William Elie (France), Yvon Poirier (Canada), Sunil Chitrakar (Nepal)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>RIPESS - Press release</b><br />
<br />
April 6th, 2011<br />
From March 28 to 31, in Paris, the Board of Directors of RIPESS (Intercontinental Network for the Promotion of the Social Solidarity Economy) met and took note of the significant advances of the social and solidarity economy movement in all the continents... During the meeting, the Board confirmed its determination to pursue and reinforce the promotion of the social and solidarity economy as an answer to the crisis facing our countries.<br />
<br />
RIPESS, a network based on the dynamics of five continental networks, brings together thousands of social and solidarity organisations and enterprises... During the four day meeting, the Board reiterated its belief that, more than ever, the social and solidarity economy (SSE) is a necessary alternative to the dominant development model which continues to generate poverty and exclusion and has lead the world into a deep environmental crisis.. <br />
<br />
Information sharing permitted the Board to observe that continental networks are consolidating themselves in Africa, Europe, Latin America and Caribbean, Asia and North America. The Board adopted a strategy to facilitate communications and pursue the work to build strong continental networks. <br />
<br />
Representatives from different continents brought to the Board’s attention situations which require both immediate support and a long term reflection... The mass movements in Arabic countries raise the question of the path and the economic strategies necessary to respond to the aspirations expressed by these popular uprising. Beyond the immediate and concrete solidarity that we must express to our Japanese brothers and sisters, how must we respond to the questions about our development model that this nuclear crisis has raised? Finally, the current repression against the popular movement in Honduras reminds us that the development of a social and solidarity economy must go hand in hand with the respect of human rights and the exercise of democracy. <br />
<br />
In the next months, the RIPESS Board agreed to profit from several international events to continue its work of promotion, collaboration and proposition of the social and solidarity economy. The first event will be the International Forum on the social and solidarity economy (FIESS), which will take place in Montreal, Canada, October 17th to 20th 2011. This forum will bring together representatives of governments and civil society, to reflect on the policies needed to support the development of the social and solidarity economy... The Asian Solidarity Economy Forum (ASEF), which will take place in November 2011 in Kuala Lumpur, will allow representatives from several Asian countries to give themselves a common strategy for the development of the social and solidarity economy in Asia. In 2012, it will be in Tunisia where the African network will meet to consolidate a SSE rooted in Africa’s realities... Finally, in response to an the invitation from RIPESS Latin-America and Caribbean (RIPESS-LAC), RIPESS agreed to meet again in RIO, during the RIO+20 event, to reinforce the contribution of social and solidarity economy to a larger movement for a more human, more sustainable and more equitable development model.<br />
<br />
In conclusion, the RIPESS meeting in Paris underlined the fact that, in spite of different realities, social and solidarity economy actors around the world share a common vision and values. They are determined to continue to deepen their exchanges in order to better articulate and above all build a social and solidarity economy which places people and the future of our planet at the centre of its concerns.<br />
<br />
For more information:<br />
<br />
Maude Brossard<br />
Chantier de l’économie sociale-Canada-Amérique du Nord<br />
info@ripess.org<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>FIESS – Program and Registration</b><br />
<br />
Dear colleagues, collaborators, partners and friends,<br />
We are extremely pleased and enthusiastic to announce that the Program of the International Forum on the Social and Solidarity Economy (FIESS) is now available online, and the Registration is now open.<br />
All registration to the event, which will take place in Montreal from the 17th to the 20th October 2011, will be done online at www.fiess2011.orgWhen registering, you will also be able to reserve a hotel room for your stay and enrol in other activities organized around the FIESS, in particular field trips to visit local social economy organisations.<br />
On the website, you will also fin detailed information on the activities and presentations that will take place during the FIESS, practical information on Montreal and the Palais des Congrès where the event will be held, and a FAQ section to answer any other eventual questions you may have.<br />
We look forward to seeing you in great numbers this October!<br />
Le Chantier de l’économie sociale<br />
forum.international2011@chantier.qc.ca<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Our Newsletters are available online:</b><br />
http://developpementlocal.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
<br />
Our thanks to:<br />
Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland) for the Spanish translation <br />
Michel Colin (Brazil) for the Portuguese translation<br />
Judith Hitchman (France / Ireland) for the English translation<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada) for proof reading (FR-EN)<br />
<br />
Contact (for information, to subscribe or unsubscribe)<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-32352469731909402392011-04-02T07:28:00.000-07:002011-04-02T07:28:19.381-07:00<b>International Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #77 – April 1st, 2011<br />
Summary<br />
Message from the Editorial Team<br />
Towards shared social responsibilities: A draft European Charter<br />
Earth Summit - RIO+20 –2012<br />
<br />
Message from the Editorial Team</b><br />
<br />
<b>The catastrophe that has occurred in Japan, the earthquake, tsunami and risks of nuclear contamination have deeply saddened us all. All three of us have had the opportunity of visiting Japanese organisations working towards a more human kind of development, particularly in the field of healthy food. So we would like to address a special thought to our friends involved in the Teikei system (community supported agriculture) as well as the Seikatsu Club (a consumers’ food co-operative). We wish them strength and courage.<br />
<i></i></b><br />
Martine shares information on a very interesting European initiative, that of the idea of a European Charter of Social responsibilities. This is the kind of approach and particularly of the concrete implementation of new regulations that are grounded in human values, applicable at local, regional, national and international as well as European levels, as well as to all the inhabitants of our planet, one that will allow us to work towards a more just and equitable world for all people.<br />
<br />
Although at first sight the second article is dedicated to what appears to be a very different theme, the «Earth Summit» that is scheduled to take place 20 years after the first one, held in Rio, it deals with the same fundamental issues. Both address the fundamental question of «living together» on our planet, a planet that is increasingly threatened.<br />
The Editorial Team<br />
Judith Hitchman<br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<b>Towards shared social responsibilities: A draft European Charter<br />
</b><br />
On February 28th and March 1st, over 400 people from 40 countries took part in the workshops and a conference in Brussels, to examine the draft of a « European Charter of shared social responsibilities ». It was instigated by the Council of Europe, and more specifically by Gilda Farrell, Head of the Division for Research and Development of the Directorate General for Social Cohesion. This meeting was held under the joint auspices of the European Union and the Council of Europe, aimed at fully including social cohesion as a European objective for Europe as a whole, and not just limited to the 27 member States of the European community. It is also aimed at the 47 Member States of the Council of Europe; a certain number of these countries took part in the two-day programme. Shared social responsibility requires achieving a broad consensus in order to move forward, and achieve the concrete implementation of fundamental rights and the protection of common goods – both material and immaterial – as a source of fulfilment for present generations and a heritage for generations to come. Including the aspect of interdependency of actors and citizens is perceived as a requisite for the success of the project.<br />
<br />
All too often citizens and their organisations are still considered as « weak actors » in the decision-making process. What are the mutual commitments do we need to develop to face today’s challenges and live together respecting our diversity and guaranteeing that there is a state of law, and a genuinely democratic society? This is a key question at present, as far as the borders in the South of Europe are concerned, as well as the increasingly frequent way in which the most vulnerable of our fellow European citizens are treated. <br />
<br />
<b>An inspiring text aimed at concrete realisation of the guiding principles<br />
</b><br />
The draft project is ultimately aimed at becoming a «recommendation», to be validated by the 47 Member States of the Council of Europe. The participants felt it was very inspiring for the following reasons:<br />
- The <b>clarity of the appreciation </b>it makes concerning the «growing gap between the formal recognition and the application of the principles of justice, which undermines confidence in the possibility of improving living conditions, especially for the least advantaged, and fuels feelings of insecurity in the face of these changes».<br />
The <b>broad scope </b>of this text in terms of: principles as well as and perhaps especially:<br />
The <b>perspective of realisation</b> that is applied to the definitions, the objectives, the policies and initiatives that it implies. The members of the ad hoc group that produced this work have hedged their bets that the implementation of shared responsibilities will «be capable of building a future climate of trust and developing social and moral resources to help the people of Europe to jointly work for the well-being of all, for social cohesion and sustainable development».<br />
Both speakers and participants expressed the opinion that the European dimension should not stop the question from being considered at global level, where Europe has certain responsibilities it should assume. The first of these is to work on its ecological footprint in the countries of the South! There was an expression of interest that this text would be written in such a way as to allow the so-called «weak» actors be able to use it for collective construction, for legitimising their action. Reinforcing the text would be a step towards a progressive move from moral to a more binding commitment.<br />
This all bodes well for future work, and our hopes of jointly changing things.<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
EN: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/socialpolicies/socialcohesiondev/Conference2011_en.asp<br />
FR: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/socialpolicies/socialcohesiondev/conference2011_FR.asp<br />
<b>Earth Summit - RIO+20 –2012</b><br />
Twenty years after the historical summit of 1992, RIO 2012 will take place June 4th-6th next year in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. This conference will be organised by the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development.<br />
In January 2011 there was an initial meeting of the preparatory working group at the UN headquarters in New York.<br />
The following extract of the conclusions of this meeting are of interest to us all.<br />
« Almost all agreed that we need to be thinking in terms of bottom-up approaches to a green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication, defined by national and local priorities and through national and local stakeholder processes.<br />
Many countries raised concerns and questions about a green economy, which will need to be answered if we are to find a way forward towards an agreed outcome on this theme at Rio 2012. A few of the areas of concern include the relationship between:<br />
(i) green economy and poverty eradication,<br />
(ii) green economy and employment,<br />
(iii) green economy and trade,<br />
(iv) green economy and technology,<br />
(v) green economy and finance.»<br />
here is already much preparatory work being done in different countries and many working groups are already up and running. International NGOs have come together via the « Earth Summit 2012 » initiative.<br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Official site is in English only. This site has only been on-line since the 23rd of February. Other languages are expected soon.<br />
http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20/<br />
NGO site (in English)<br />
http://www.earthsummit2012.org <br />
NGO site (in English)<br />
http://www.earthsummit2012.org/<br />
<b><br />
Our Newsletters are available online:</b><br />
http://developpementlocal.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
<br />
Our thanks to:<br />
Brunilda Rafael (France) for the Spanish translation <br />
Michel Colin (Brazil) for the Portuguese translation<br />
Judith Hitchman (France / Ireland) for the English translation<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada) for proof reading (FR-EN)<br />
<br />
Contact (for information, to subscribe or unsubscribe)<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21766963.post-47445999633912842532011-03-03T07:32:00.000-08:002011-03-03T07:32:46.517-08:00<b>International Newsletter on Sustainable Local Development<br />
Newsletter #76<br />
March 1st 2011<br />
<br />
Summary<br />
<br />
Message from the Editorial Team<br />
<br />
The Social Forum movement in Africa<br />
<br />
The Human Economy <br />
Nyéléni Bulletin<br />
<br />
The ILO (International Labour Organization) Social and Solidarity Economy Academy<br />
<br />
<br />
Message from the Editorial Team<br />
</b><br />
Judith is back from the World Social Forum, which was held in Dakar from February 6th to 11th. She shares her impressions with us.<br />
For our readers who understand English, we would like to recommend a book, The Human Economy, edited by Keith Hart, Jean-Louis Laville and Antonio Cattani. The editors have assembled a citizen's guide to the building of a human economy. This book for English readers is a major effort to share the state of global knowledge, particularly the reflection and analysis of works written in French, as well as Spanish and Portuguese. It does not cover Asia, which will be described in future works.<br />
Many concepts explored in this book are familiar, like solidarity economy and local development, fair trade, microfinance and local currencies. Other essays analyze elements such as the current state of globalization and alter globalization. It also deals with very relevant concepts such as social capital or common resources.<br />
Essentially, this book is a successful attempt to collect and present a fairly complete set of concepts relevant to understanding the challenges facing the planet, from the global to local level, as well as the range of people-centred initiatives. In this sense, it is a work of reference and training tool.<br />
<br />
As is the case with our newsletter, we find it extremely important to allow for the exchange of knowledge across languages and cultures. In this sense, the book's editors, as well as the diverse essays from various continents fill important gaps particularly in the English-speaking world.<br />
<br />
In this issue, we also wish to share different information, including upcoming events.<br />
<br />
Editorial Team<br />
Judith Hitchman <br />
Yvon Poirier<br />
Martine Theveniaut<br />
<br />
<b>The Social Forum movement in Africa<br />
</b><br />
The 2011 edition of the World Social Forum was held at the Cheik Anta Diop University in Dakar, the capital of Senegal from February 6th -11th. In the ten-year history of the WSF, it was the third time the Forum came back to Africa, following the polycentric WSF in Bamako in 2006, and that of Nairobi in 2007. Most people living outside Africa are not aware of the depth and vibrant nature of the social forum process and growing strength social movements throughout the continent, with the many national, regional and thematic fora that have also taken place there in recent years. <br />
<br />
Africa is the continent that is probably suffering most severely from the combined effects of the neo-liberal crisis of our civilisation. The impacts of migration, climate change, land- and common goods-grabbing are widely felt by a broad cross-section of the communities. There has long been a chronic lack of adequate investment in infrastructure and basic public services in all African countries, although there are considerable variations from one country to another. The traditional informal economic model does not generate tax, and the imposed neo-colonialist exploitation of resources by multinationals pays little into the coffers of the States. These combined factors have resulted in the destruction of the traditional solidarity-based society, massive threats to peasant agriculture and commonage, insufficient education and healthcare systems and megalopoles that are lacking in basic services… In Senegal alone, the State can only cover 70% of the needs in electrical power at any one moment, so power cuts are a daily occurrence, frequently lasting for as much as 48 hours. Basic food costs are also rising at an alarming rate, as a result of Economic Partnership Agreements that favour the importing of cheap surplus production rather than encouraging food sovereignty and local production and processing. Remittances from migrants living abroad, a mainstay of many African families, and a key source of income throughout African society, have fallen sharply as those living abroad suffer increasingly from unemployment. It is therefore not surprising that there is increasing unrest and riots and that civil society is organised in strong local networks.<br />
<br />
<b>Strong grassroots mobilisation<br />
</b><br />
It is against this background that caravans from all over North, West and Central Africa converged for the Forum. At the opening march, there were an estimated 70,000 participants. The Forum itself probably brought together over twice that number (an estimated 75,000 people participated). No exact figure is possible, as it was a truly open space, with no gate controls and a far greater grass-roots participation than any previous edition. This mobilisation in a country like Senegal (total population 13 million, 3 million living in Dakar), is in itself a significant dimension. There were 10,000 registered participants from countries of the North. Students, local inhabitants groups, small-scale farmers, migrants’ associations, trade unionists and members of other social movements made up the vast majority of participants, all mingling in the chaos of the Forum. Fewer intellectuals, far more local mobilisation than ever before. A significant sign of the times.<br />
<br />
The Forum was held at the same time as historic events were sweeping through countries a little further north: the fall of dictatorships and revolutions, first in Tunisia, then in Egypt provided a meaningful background to the meetings. Mubarak’s decision to stand down coincided with the closing ceremony of the Forum, providing a very special kind of energy. The fact that these uprisings were the result of civil society’s expression of discontent rather than organised by political party based movements, is a key factor of change, and one that resonates with the Social Forum approach to organised civil society.<br />
<br />
Unfortunate and unnecessary chaos to the Forum was caused by the newly nominated Rector of the University’s decision not to make the promised rooms available for meetings. This was compounded by the knock-on effect of breakdown of other related logistics (failure to allocate rooms impacts printing a programme, doing effective booth planning for interpretation etc…). Although it was a nightmare for the Local Organising Committee, the participants took it all surprisingly in stride, and made do with much good humour. A crisis management unit worked day and night to solve the most pressing issues (renting tents, allocating existing space…) Nothing was going to stop the mobilisation… Was it prompted by fear of the strength of what organised civil society can represent, or political sabotage? At the end of the day, the result is the same.<br />
<br />
<b>Local languages<br />
</b><br />
Language is political. West Africa is probably the region where local languages have best survived colonialism, and in Senegal most people actually speak a local language rather than French. Women, who left school early, often have minimal French. It was very important therefore for Babels to be able to train locals in basic interpretation techniques and to help facilitate interpretation for the three main local languages: Wolof, Bambara, and Poular. The logistical chaos greatly reduced the potential of this contribution, but it was nevertheless important, particularly for the meetings in the women’s tent and for the Via Campesina. Sign language was also used throughout the Forum.<br />
<br />
<b>Effective solidarity economy in action<br />
</b><br />
The week prior to the Forum has always provided an opportunity for various groups to meet. Until now, these meetings have always used private sector services for the provision of interpretation and equipment. We successfully used ALIS equipment during this week, (Alternative Interpretation Systems), and Babels provided the interpreting for these prefora as well as for the WSF. The funding (where available) was paid into the WSF account, thereby mutualising the available human, technical and financial means. The events covered were organised by the Science and Democracy Forum, Trade Union's Forum, Habitat International Coalition, International Alliance of Inhabitants, The Forum on Health and Social Security, a seminar on Fair Trade, the Fishing Forum, as well as the Migrants Forum that was held on the island of Gorée (an island off Dakar, historically associated with slave trafficking).<br />
<br />
The official restaurant tent catering was well organised by small local women’s groups. This catering used only local products, and directly benefited small-scale farmers and women’s groups. <br />
There was also a convergence Assembly on Solidarity Economy and Fair Trade (the latter was particularly aimed at developing South-South relations). This brought some 100 people together, who came up with a good final declaration. (http://openfsm.net/projects/ecosol/summary)<br />
<br />
<b>Conclusion.<br />
</b><br />
African civil society is moving towards a more joined-up movement. The World Social Forum continues to provide a space for developing connections and dialogue across borders and differences. It may not be a space for action per se, but it does provide the basis for developing actions that reach beyond the few days of the Forum. This particular Forum took place at a historic moment for Tunisia and Egypt, and will certainly leave its mark on Africa and indeed global civil society.<br />
<br />
Judith A. Hitchman<br />
(Original article in English and French)<br />
<br />
<b>The Human Economy<br />
</b>Keith Hart (Goldsmiths College, University of London), Jean-Louis Laville (Conservatoire national des arts et métiers) et Antonio David Cattani (Université fédérale de Rio Grande do Sul) <br />
Published in English only<br />
Polity Press<br />
320 pages, 2010<br />
http://www.polity.co.uk/book.asp?ref=9780745649795<br />
<br />
<b>A brief review by Yvon Poirier<br />
</b><br />
<i>The global financial crisis has renewed concern about whether capitalist markets are the best way of organizing economic life. Would it not be better if we were to treat the economy as something made and remade by people themselves, rather than as an impersonal machine? The object of a human economy is the reproduction of human beings and of whatever sustains life in general. Such an economy would express human variety in its local particulars as well as the interests of all humanity.<br />
This project is not a dream but is part of a collective effort that began a decade ago at the first World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and has gathered pace ever since. (1)<br />
</i><br />
It is still necessary to explore the concepts and understand the deep issues we are facing to build a people-centred economy. People in our movements need to understand better what they are doing and the challenges they are facing. This book, published in English, is an effort to share concepts that are sometimes better known in other continents such as South America or in French speaking countries. Two of the editors, Cattani from South America and Laville from France, are well known in their respective cultures. The essays in this book are new, but they are similar to a previous book published in South America. In particular, Dicionario internacional da outra economia by Cattani, Laville and Gaiger.<br />
<br />
(1) Description by the editor <br />
For other descriptions or information :<br />
http://www.ecosolux.lu/fileadmin/ripessEU.net/files/files/News/news_15102010_human_econmy_Introduction.pdf<br />
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bb8jQXRTTHE<br />
http://richmedia.lse.ac.uk/publicLecturesAndEvents/20110127_1830_theHumanEconomy.mp3<br />
<br />
<b>Nyéléni Newsletter<br />
</b><br />
The Number 2 of the Nyeleni Newsletter is now available online in three languages: English, Spanish and French!
<br />
This edition of the newsletter has a special on factory farming. <br />
The Newsletter is published every two months on the www.nyeleni.org website.<br />
<br />
<b>The ILO (International Labour Organization) Social and Solidarity Economy Academy<br />
<br />
</b>The second edition of the ILO Social and Solidarity Economy Academy will be held in Montreal (Canada) from October 24th to 28th 2011.<br />
<br />
The Academy participants will also have the opportunity to participate in FIESS (International Forum on Social Solidarity Economy) during the week prior to this event.<br />
<br />
http://socialeconomy.itcilo.org/en/academy-2011<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Our Newsletters are available on the WEB:<br />
</b>http://local-development.blogspot.com/<br />
www.apreis.org/<br />
<br />
Special thanks to:<br />
Paula Garuz Naval (Ireland) for the Spanish translation<br />
Michel Colin (Brazil) for the Portuguese translation<br />
Évéline Poirier (Canada) for the English translation<br />
<br />
To contact us (for information, feedback, to subscribe or unsubscribe):<br />
Yvon Poirier ypoirier@videotron.caYvonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10401575194637867296noreply@blogger.com0